Exploring Refuse-Derived Fuel Production from Seafood-Processing Sludge and Landfill-Mined Plastic Waste Co-Pelletization

This study explores the co-pelletization of sludge with landfill-mined plastic waste as a method to create high-energy refuse-derived fuel (RDF), addressing both plastic and sludge waste streams. Key variables used in RDF pelletization included sludge-to-plastic mixing ratios (50:50, 75:25, and 100:...

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Main Authors: Wittawat Wulyapash, Awassada Phongphiphat, Johann Fellner, Sirintornthep Towprayoon
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Recycling
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2313-4321/10/2/52
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author Wittawat Wulyapash
Awassada Phongphiphat
Johann Fellner
Sirintornthep Towprayoon
author_facet Wittawat Wulyapash
Awassada Phongphiphat
Johann Fellner
Sirintornthep Towprayoon
author_sort Wittawat Wulyapash
collection DOAJ
description This study explores the co-pelletization of sludge with landfill-mined plastic waste as a method to create high-energy refuse-derived fuel (RDF), addressing both plastic and sludge waste streams. Key variables used in RDF pelletization included sludge-to-plastic mixing ratios (50:50, 75:25, and 100:0 wt%), mold temperatures (100 °C and 120 °C), and compression pressures (60–80 MPa). Results showed that the characteristics of pellets improved considerably as the mass percentage of plastic waste increased. The 75% sludge mixture produced pellets with high compressive strength (15.9–16.4 MPa), indicating rigid and ductile properties, and achieved a calorific value of up to 33.4 MJ/kg. Mercury levels of the RDF (0.02–0.04 mg/MJ) met solid recovered fuel standards. However, the elevated chlorine content (>3 wt%<sub>db</sub>) highlighted the necessity of removing PVC from the plastic waste before pelletization. Carbon emission factors for the pellets (23–25 kg CO<sub>2</sub>/GJ) were comparable to commercial RDFs and notably lower than coal, demonstrating their potential as a sustainable alternative fuel source. An assessment of the entire production and utilization chain, including sludge drying, plastic sorting, pelletization, and combustion, revealed that co-pelletization reduces greenhouse gas emissions by more than 24.3% compared to current practices.
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spelling doaj-art-e6558d517278475498e0e568b3173df92025-08-20T02:28:33ZengMDPI AGRecycling2313-43212025-03-011025210.3390/recycling10020052Exploring Refuse-Derived Fuel Production from Seafood-Processing Sludge and Landfill-Mined Plastic Waste Co-PelletizationWittawat Wulyapash0Awassada Phongphiphat1Johann Fellner2Sirintornthep Towprayoon3The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, ThailandThe Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, ThailandInstitute for Water Quality and Resource Management, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226, 1040 Vienna, AustriaThe Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, ThailandThis study explores the co-pelletization of sludge with landfill-mined plastic waste as a method to create high-energy refuse-derived fuel (RDF), addressing both plastic and sludge waste streams. Key variables used in RDF pelletization included sludge-to-plastic mixing ratios (50:50, 75:25, and 100:0 wt%), mold temperatures (100 °C and 120 °C), and compression pressures (60–80 MPa). Results showed that the characteristics of pellets improved considerably as the mass percentage of plastic waste increased. The 75% sludge mixture produced pellets with high compressive strength (15.9–16.4 MPa), indicating rigid and ductile properties, and achieved a calorific value of up to 33.4 MJ/kg. Mercury levels of the RDF (0.02–0.04 mg/MJ) met solid recovered fuel standards. However, the elevated chlorine content (>3 wt%<sub>db</sub>) highlighted the necessity of removing PVC from the plastic waste before pelletization. Carbon emission factors for the pellets (23–25 kg CO<sub>2</sub>/GJ) were comparable to commercial RDFs and notably lower than coal, demonstrating their potential as a sustainable alternative fuel source. An assessment of the entire production and utilization chain, including sludge drying, plastic sorting, pelletization, and combustion, revealed that co-pelletization reduces greenhouse gas emissions by more than 24.3% compared to current practices.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-4321/10/2/52refuse-derived fuelwaste-to-energyfuel standardsgreenhouse gasclimate change mitigation
spellingShingle Wittawat Wulyapash
Awassada Phongphiphat
Johann Fellner
Sirintornthep Towprayoon
Exploring Refuse-Derived Fuel Production from Seafood-Processing Sludge and Landfill-Mined Plastic Waste Co-Pelletization
Recycling
refuse-derived fuel
waste-to-energy
fuel standards
greenhouse gas
climate change mitigation
title Exploring Refuse-Derived Fuel Production from Seafood-Processing Sludge and Landfill-Mined Plastic Waste Co-Pelletization
title_full Exploring Refuse-Derived Fuel Production from Seafood-Processing Sludge and Landfill-Mined Plastic Waste Co-Pelletization
title_fullStr Exploring Refuse-Derived Fuel Production from Seafood-Processing Sludge and Landfill-Mined Plastic Waste Co-Pelletization
title_full_unstemmed Exploring Refuse-Derived Fuel Production from Seafood-Processing Sludge and Landfill-Mined Plastic Waste Co-Pelletization
title_short Exploring Refuse-Derived Fuel Production from Seafood-Processing Sludge and Landfill-Mined Plastic Waste Co-Pelletization
title_sort exploring refuse derived fuel production from seafood processing sludge and landfill mined plastic waste co pelletization
topic refuse-derived fuel
waste-to-energy
fuel standards
greenhouse gas
climate change mitigation
url https://www.mdpi.com/2313-4321/10/2/52
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AT johannfellner exploringrefusederivedfuelproductionfromseafoodprocessingsludgeandlandfillminedplasticwastecopelletization
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