Teacher Intervention During Collaborative Problem Solving in Mathematics Classrooms in Mainland China

In the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2015, students from four cities/provinces in mainland China performed worse in collaborative problem solving (CPS) than in other subjects. While student collaboration has been widely implemented in Chinese classrooms for over two decades,...

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Main Authors: Yixuan Liu, Yiming Cao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Behavioral Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/15/3/377
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author Yixuan Liu
Yiming Cao
author_facet Yixuan Liu
Yiming Cao
author_sort Yixuan Liu
collection DOAJ
description In the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2015, students from four cities/provinces in mainland China performed worse in collaborative problem solving (CPS) than in other subjects. While student collaboration has been widely implemented in Chinese classrooms for over two decades, empirical research on teachers’ roles and interventions remains quite scarce. Influenced by international educational reform in the 21st century, educators have developed and made widespread use of open-ended tasks, perceived as more suitable for CPS, during mathematics lessons. In this study, we investigate the effect of teacher intervention during pair and small group CPS using a quasi-experiment with four teachers from eight classes. We then selected typical cases and analysed their effect on task performance regarding intervention focus and means. The result showed that three of the four teachers’ interventions proved effective. The most and least effective teachers were selected for the case study. We discuss teacher intervention’s effect in emphasising social activities and diagnosing. Considering the difference in authority between teachers in Chinese/Western classrooms, we discuss intervention styles and offer suggestions for choosing and carefully implementing appropriate forms of collaborative activities.
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spelling doaj-art-e64efc642dcd473d9b55f5528b5fbd132025-08-20T02:42:38ZengMDPI AGBehavioral Sciences2076-328X2025-03-0115337710.3390/bs15030377Teacher Intervention During Collaborative Problem Solving in Mathematics Classrooms in Mainland ChinaYixuan Liu0Yiming Cao1School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, ChinaSchool of Mathematical Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, ChinaIn the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2015, students from four cities/provinces in mainland China performed worse in collaborative problem solving (CPS) than in other subjects. While student collaboration has been widely implemented in Chinese classrooms for over two decades, empirical research on teachers’ roles and interventions remains quite scarce. Influenced by international educational reform in the 21st century, educators have developed and made widespread use of open-ended tasks, perceived as more suitable for CPS, during mathematics lessons. In this study, we investigate the effect of teacher intervention during pair and small group CPS using a quasi-experiment with four teachers from eight classes. We then selected typical cases and analysed their effect on task performance regarding intervention focus and means. The result showed that three of the four teachers’ interventions proved effective. The most and least effective teachers were selected for the case study. We discuss teacher intervention’s effect in emphasising social activities and diagnosing. Considering the difference in authority between teachers in Chinese/Western classrooms, we discuss intervention styles and offer suggestions for choosing and carefully implementing appropriate forms of collaborative activities.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/15/3/377case studycollaborative problem solvingopen-ended taskssocial activitiesteacher intervention
spellingShingle Yixuan Liu
Yiming Cao
Teacher Intervention During Collaborative Problem Solving in Mathematics Classrooms in Mainland China
Behavioral Sciences
case study
collaborative problem solving
open-ended tasks
social activities
teacher intervention
title Teacher Intervention During Collaborative Problem Solving in Mathematics Classrooms in Mainland China
title_full Teacher Intervention During Collaborative Problem Solving in Mathematics Classrooms in Mainland China
title_fullStr Teacher Intervention During Collaborative Problem Solving in Mathematics Classrooms in Mainland China
title_full_unstemmed Teacher Intervention During Collaborative Problem Solving in Mathematics Classrooms in Mainland China
title_short Teacher Intervention During Collaborative Problem Solving in Mathematics Classrooms in Mainland China
title_sort teacher intervention during collaborative problem solving in mathematics classrooms in mainland china
topic case study
collaborative problem solving
open-ended tasks
social activities
teacher intervention
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/15/3/377
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AT yimingcao teacherinterventionduringcollaborativeproblemsolvinginmathematicsclassroomsinmainlandchina