Spatial–temporal distribution characteristics and influencing factors of immovable cultural heritage in Hubei, China

Abstract Immovable cultural heritages are nonrenewable and irreplaceable excellent cultural resources. With the help of the GIS spatial analysis method, Geodetector and location entropy, this paper explores the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and influencing factors of 1070 nationa...

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Main Authors: Wenyuan Zhang, Lihong Ma, Jiayu Xu, Yujie Peng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09764-8
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author Wenyuan Zhang
Lihong Ma
Jiayu Xu
Yujie Peng
author_facet Wenyuan Zhang
Lihong Ma
Jiayu Xu
Yujie Peng
author_sort Wenyuan Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Immovable cultural heritages are nonrenewable and irreplaceable excellent cultural resources. With the help of the GIS spatial analysis method, Geodetector and location entropy, this paper explores the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and influencing factors of 1070 nationally and provincially designated immovable cultural heritage sites in Hubei, China. The physical geographical factors, historical and humanistic factors, and their explanatory power indexes are constructed, which provide a scientific quantitative analysis of influencing factors for the spatial distribution of cultural heritages. The results show that the kernel density distribution of immovable cultural heritages in Hubei Province is agglomeration, and Wuhan is the dominant nuclear. The number of cultural heritages in different historical periods is unevenly distributed. The average center of cultural heritages in each period was located in Jingshan. The spatial differentiation of these cultural heritages is affected by multiple factors. Among natural factors, topographic and geomorphic factors such as elevation and slope have a more significant effect, whereas among social and economic factors, the cultural atmosphere and the number of permanent residents have the most significant explanatory power. These findings may help local governments formulate more effective measures for the protection of immovable cultural heritages.
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spelling doaj-art-e64aeeadbba0434496f451e9c8c138e42025-08-20T03:04:25ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111810.1038/s41598-025-09764-8Spatial–temporal distribution characteristics and influencing factors of immovable cultural heritage in Hubei, ChinaWenyuan Zhang0Lihong Ma1Jiayu Xu2Yujie Peng3National Research Center of Cultural Industries, Central China Normal UniversityNational Research Center of Cultural Industries, Central China Normal UniversityNational Research Center of Cultural Industries, Central China Normal UniversityNational Research Center of Cultural Industries, Central China Normal UniversityAbstract Immovable cultural heritages are nonrenewable and irreplaceable excellent cultural resources. With the help of the GIS spatial analysis method, Geodetector and location entropy, this paper explores the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and influencing factors of 1070 nationally and provincially designated immovable cultural heritage sites in Hubei, China. The physical geographical factors, historical and humanistic factors, and their explanatory power indexes are constructed, which provide a scientific quantitative analysis of influencing factors for the spatial distribution of cultural heritages. The results show that the kernel density distribution of immovable cultural heritages in Hubei Province is agglomeration, and Wuhan is the dominant nuclear. The number of cultural heritages in different historical periods is unevenly distributed. The average center of cultural heritages in each period was located in Jingshan. The spatial differentiation of these cultural heritages is affected by multiple factors. Among natural factors, topographic and geomorphic factors such as elevation and slope have a more significant effect, whereas among social and economic factors, the cultural atmosphere and the number of permanent residents have the most significant explanatory power. These findings may help local governments formulate more effective measures for the protection of immovable cultural heritages.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09764-8
spellingShingle Wenyuan Zhang
Lihong Ma
Jiayu Xu
Yujie Peng
Spatial–temporal distribution characteristics and influencing factors of immovable cultural heritage in Hubei, China
Scientific Reports
title Spatial–temporal distribution characteristics and influencing factors of immovable cultural heritage in Hubei, China
title_full Spatial–temporal distribution characteristics and influencing factors of immovable cultural heritage in Hubei, China
title_fullStr Spatial–temporal distribution characteristics and influencing factors of immovable cultural heritage in Hubei, China
title_full_unstemmed Spatial–temporal distribution characteristics and influencing factors of immovable cultural heritage in Hubei, China
title_short Spatial–temporal distribution characteristics and influencing factors of immovable cultural heritage in Hubei, China
title_sort spatial temporal distribution characteristics and influencing factors of immovable cultural heritage in hubei china
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09764-8
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