TBM shield mud cake prediction model based on machine learning

IntroductionDuring tunnel boring machine (TBM) shield tunneling in clayey strata, the excavated soil consolidates on the cutter head or cutting tools, forming mud cakes that significantly impact the efficiency of shield tunneling.MethodsTo predict mud cakes during shield tunneling, four distinct sup...

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Main Authors: Qi Zhang, Peng Xu, Jing Zhang, Zhao Yang, Yu Li, Xintong Kong, Xiao Yuan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Earth Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2025.1544650/full
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author Qi Zhang
Peng Xu
Jing Zhang
Zhao Yang
Yu Li
Xintong Kong
Xiao Yuan
author_facet Qi Zhang
Peng Xu
Jing Zhang
Zhao Yang
Yu Li
Xintong Kong
Xiao Yuan
author_sort Qi Zhang
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionDuring tunnel boring machine (TBM) shield tunneling in clayey strata, the excavated soil consolidates on the cutter head or cutting tools, forming mud cakes that significantly impact the efficiency of shield tunneling.MethodsTo predict mud cakes during shield tunneling, four distinct supervised machine learning models, including logistic regression, support vector machine, random forest, and BP neural network were employed. The optimal predictive model for mud cake formation was determined by assessing the precision, recall, and F1 scores of the models. Further analysis of feature dependencies and shapley additive explanations (SHAP) is conducted to pinpoint the critical risk factors associated with mud cake formation.ResultsThe results indicate that among the four supervised machine learning models, the random forest model exhibited the best performance in predicting mud cake formation during shield tunneling, with an F1 score as high as 0.9934. Feature dependencies and SHAP information showed that the shield tunneling chamber temperature and average excavation speed had the most significant impact on mud cake formation, serving as crucial factors in determining mud cake formation. The rear earth pressure of the screw conveyor and the cutterhead penetration depth followed, constituting important elements in mud cake formation. The introduction of the interpretable method SHAP for analyzing the relationships between various factors extends beyond simple linear relationships, allowing for the examination of nonlinear patterns among factors.
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spelling doaj-art-e6462b45694347f1b7f0079a16e6f1822025-08-20T02:55:35ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Earth Science2296-64632025-03-011310.3389/feart.2025.15446501544650TBM shield mud cake prediction model based on machine learningQi Zhang0Peng Xu1Jing Zhang2Zhao Yang3Yu Li4Xintong Kong5Xiao Yuan6CCCC Second Harbor Engineering Company Ltd., Wuhan, ChinaCCCC South China Construction and Development Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, ChinaSichuan Tibet Railway Co., Ltd., Chengdu, ChinaCCCC Second Harbor Engineering Company Ltd., Wuhan, ChinaCCCC Second Harbor Engineering Company Ltd., Wuhan, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaIntroductionDuring tunnel boring machine (TBM) shield tunneling in clayey strata, the excavated soil consolidates on the cutter head or cutting tools, forming mud cakes that significantly impact the efficiency of shield tunneling.MethodsTo predict mud cakes during shield tunneling, four distinct supervised machine learning models, including logistic regression, support vector machine, random forest, and BP neural network were employed. The optimal predictive model for mud cake formation was determined by assessing the precision, recall, and F1 scores of the models. Further analysis of feature dependencies and shapley additive explanations (SHAP) is conducted to pinpoint the critical risk factors associated with mud cake formation.ResultsThe results indicate that among the four supervised machine learning models, the random forest model exhibited the best performance in predicting mud cake formation during shield tunneling, with an F1 score as high as 0.9934. Feature dependencies and SHAP information showed that the shield tunneling chamber temperature and average excavation speed had the most significant impact on mud cake formation, serving as crucial factors in determining mud cake formation. The rear earth pressure of the screw conveyor and the cutterhead penetration depth followed, constituting important elements in mud cake formation. The introduction of the interpretable method SHAP for analyzing the relationships between various factors extends beyond simple linear relationships, allowing for the examination of nonlinear patterns among factors.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2025.1544650/fullshield tunnelmud caketunneling parametermachine learningprediction model
spellingShingle Qi Zhang
Peng Xu
Jing Zhang
Zhao Yang
Yu Li
Xintong Kong
Xiao Yuan
TBM shield mud cake prediction model based on machine learning
Frontiers in Earth Science
shield tunnel
mud cake
tunneling parameter
machine learning
prediction model
title TBM shield mud cake prediction model based on machine learning
title_full TBM shield mud cake prediction model based on machine learning
title_fullStr TBM shield mud cake prediction model based on machine learning
title_full_unstemmed TBM shield mud cake prediction model based on machine learning
title_short TBM shield mud cake prediction model based on machine learning
title_sort tbm shield mud cake prediction model based on machine learning
topic shield tunnel
mud cake
tunneling parameter
machine learning
prediction model
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2025.1544650/full
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AT pengxu tbmshieldmudcakepredictionmodelbasedonmachinelearning
AT jingzhang tbmshieldmudcakepredictionmodelbasedonmachinelearning
AT zhaoyang tbmshieldmudcakepredictionmodelbasedonmachinelearning
AT yuli tbmshieldmudcakepredictionmodelbasedonmachinelearning
AT xintongkong tbmshieldmudcakepredictionmodelbasedonmachinelearning
AT xiaoyuan tbmshieldmudcakepredictionmodelbasedonmachinelearning