Combining Plant Bioactives With Antibiotics for Enhanced Antibiofilm Activity Against Uropathogenic Staphylococcus spp. and Cytotoxicity Evaluation

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most important causes of morbidity and healthcare spending. Combination therapy is the treatment of choice for biofilm-associated infections due to the simultaneous action of two drugs on two separate cellular targets and their safety. This study aimed...

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Main Authors: Ulrich Joël Tsopmene, Christian Ramsès Kuate Tokam, Larissa Yetendje Chimi, Nathalie Boulens, Eric Allémann, Florence Delie, Clautilde Teugwa Mofor, Jean Paul Dzoyem
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-01-01
Series:Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/adpp/7461209
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author Ulrich Joël Tsopmene
Christian Ramsès Kuate Tokam
Larissa Yetendje Chimi
Nathalie Boulens
Eric Allémann
Florence Delie
Clautilde Teugwa Mofor
Jean Paul Dzoyem
author_facet Ulrich Joël Tsopmene
Christian Ramsès Kuate Tokam
Larissa Yetendje Chimi
Nathalie Boulens
Eric Allémann
Florence Delie
Clautilde Teugwa Mofor
Jean Paul Dzoyem
author_sort Ulrich Joël Tsopmene
collection DOAJ
description Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most important causes of morbidity and healthcare spending. Combination therapy is the treatment of choice for biofilm-associated infections due to the simultaneous action of two drugs on two separate cellular targets and their safety. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the combination of some bioactive natural products with conventional antibiotics against the biofilm of uropathogenic Staphylococcus spp. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities were determined by the broth microdilution test. The checkerboard method was used for combination studies. The cytotoxicity of the best synergistic combinations was evaluated on Raw 264.7 macrophage cells and urinary epithelial cells (UROtsa) using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Plumbagin also showed the best biofilm-inhibiting and eradicating activities compared to curcumin, berberine, thymol, quercetin, and gallic acid. The best synergistic combinations against biofilm inhibition and eradication were C1: cefixime (5.33 µg/mL) + thymol (32 µg/mL); C2: cefazolin (1.16 µg/mL) + thymol (21.33 µg/mL); C3: amikacin (0.18 µg/mL) + curcumin (37.33 µg/mL); C4: kanamycin (0.25 µg/mL) + curcumin (14 µg/mL); and C5: amoxicillin (1.16 µg/mL) + curcumin (21.33 µg/mL). Time-kill studies revealed that the highest antibiofilm activities of the best combinations were observed at 24 h. Eradication activities were more significant than inhibitory activities. Compared to C3, C4, and C5 combinations, C1 and C2 combinations showed less cytotoxicity against the two tested cell lines UROtsa and Raw 264.7. This study shows that the best antibiofilm synergistic effect was obtained with the combination of thymol with cefixime and cefazolin, associated with low cytotoxicity. These associations could be considered potential candidates for the development of combination therapies against Staphylococcus spp. biofilm-associated infections. While this study demonstrates promising in vitro results, further in vivo validation is necessary to confirm the efficacy and safety. Additionally, mechanistic studies are needed to understand the synergistic pathways, and future research should address scalability and formulation for clinical use.
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spelling doaj-art-e63874c3af3b4bd1a50ec4c7c929097d2025-08-20T04:02:18ZengWileyAdvances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences2633-46902025-01-01202510.1155/adpp/7461209Combining Plant Bioactives With Antibiotics for Enhanced Antibiofilm Activity Against Uropathogenic Staphylococcus spp. and Cytotoxicity EvaluationUlrich Joël Tsopmene0Christian Ramsès Kuate Tokam1Larissa Yetendje Chimi2Nathalie Boulens3Eric Allémann4Florence Delie5Clautilde Teugwa Mofor6Jean Paul Dzoyem7Department of BiochemistryDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesDepartment of BiochemistrySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesDepartment of BiochemistryDepartment of BiochemistryUrinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most important causes of morbidity and healthcare spending. Combination therapy is the treatment of choice for biofilm-associated infections due to the simultaneous action of two drugs on two separate cellular targets and their safety. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the combination of some bioactive natural products with conventional antibiotics against the biofilm of uropathogenic Staphylococcus spp. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities were determined by the broth microdilution test. The checkerboard method was used for combination studies. The cytotoxicity of the best synergistic combinations was evaluated on Raw 264.7 macrophage cells and urinary epithelial cells (UROtsa) using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Plumbagin also showed the best biofilm-inhibiting and eradicating activities compared to curcumin, berberine, thymol, quercetin, and gallic acid. The best synergistic combinations against biofilm inhibition and eradication were C1: cefixime (5.33 µg/mL) + thymol (32 µg/mL); C2: cefazolin (1.16 µg/mL) + thymol (21.33 µg/mL); C3: amikacin (0.18 µg/mL) + curcumin (37.33 µg/mL); C4: kanamycin (0.25 µg/mL) + curcumin (14 µg/mL); and C5: amoxicillin (1.16 µg/mL) + curcumin (21.33 µg/mL). Time-kill studies revealed that the highest antibiofilm activities of the best combinations were observed at 24 h. Eradication activities were more significant than inhibitory activities. Compared to C3, C4, and C5 combinations, C1 and C2 combinations showed less cytotoxicity against the two tested cell lines UROtsa and Raw 264.7. This study shows that the best antibiofilm synergistic effect was obtained with the combination of thymol with cefixime and cefazolin, associated with low cytotoxicity. These associations could be considered potential candidates for the development of combination therapies against Staphylococcus spp. biofilm-associated infections. While this study demonstrates promising in vitro results, further in vivo validation is necessary to confirm the efficacy and safety. Additionally, mechanistic studies are needed to understand the synergistic pathways, and future research should address scalability and formulation for clinical use.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/adpp/7461209
spellingShingle Ulrich Joël Tsopmene
Christian Ramsès Kuate Tokam
Larissa Yetendje Chimi
Nathalie Boulens
Eric Allémann
Florence Delie
Clautilde Teugwa Mofor
Jean Paul Dzoyem
Combining Plant Bioactives With Antibiotics for Enhanced Antibiofilm Activity Against Uropathogenic Staphylococcus spp. and Cytotoxicity Evaluation
Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences
title Combining Plant Bioactives With Antibiotics for Enhanced Antibiofilm Activity Against Uropathogenic Staphylococcus spp. and Cytotoxicity Evaluation
title_full Combining Plant Bioactives With Antibiotics for Enhanced Antibiofilm Activity Against Uropathogenic Staphylococcus spp. and Cytotoxicity Evaluation
title_fullStr Combining Plant Bioactives With Antibiotics for Enhanced Antibiofilm Activity Against Uropathogenic Staphylococcus spp. and Cytotoxicity Evaluation
title_full_unstemmed Combining Plant Bioactives With Antibiotics for Enhanced Antibiofilm Activity Against Uropathogenic Staphylococcus spp. and Cytotoxicity Evaluation
title_short Combining Plant Bioactives With Antibiotics for Enhanced Antibiofilm Activity Against Uropathogenic Staphylococcus spp. and Cytotoxicity Evaluation
title_sort combining plant bioactives with antibiotics for enhanced antibiofilm activity against uropathogenic staphylococcus spp and cytotoxicity evaluation
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/adpp/7461209
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