Enhanced red hardness through fine carbides in M2 high-speed steel fabricated via electron beam powder bed fusion
M2 high-speed steel (HSS) is a crucial raw material for the manufacturing of high-performance precision cutting tools. Additive manufacturing technology, such as electron beam powder bed fusion (EB-PBF), enables the short-flow and high-efficiency fabrication of tools with complex structures, present...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425006842 |
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| author | Yingkang Wei Yufeng Zhang Xin Chu Shufeng Yang Jianyong Wang Wenpeng Jia Jilei Zhu Shifeng Liu |
| author_facet | Yingkang Wei Yufeng Zhang Xin Chu Shufeng Yang Jianyong Wang Wenpeng Jia Jilei Zhu Shifeng Liu |
| author_sort | Yingkang Wei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | M2 high-speed steel (HSS) is a crucial raw material for the manufacturing of high-performance precision cutting tools. Additive manufacturing technology, such as electron beam powder bed fusion (EB-PBF), enables the short-flow and high-efficiency fabrication of tools with complex structures, presenting promising development prospects. This study investigated the microstructural evolution and hardness variation of EB-PBF fabricated M2 HSS under simulated tool service conditions (500–600 °C, 1–3 cycles, 1 h per cycle). After service, the grain structure of the samples was further refined from 2.67 μm to 1.27–1.49 μm, accompanied by intensified precipitation of intracrystalline fine carbides, while the hardness remained between 61 and 66.1 HRC. Compared to the wrought bulk counterpart (quenched and tempered), the material exhibits a maximum improvement of 14 % in red hardness and 10.5 % in wear resistance. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e638006aba1c4ffeaed9a76929f93ed9 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2238-7854 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| spelling | doaj-art-e638006aba1c4ffeaed9a76929f93ed92025-08-20T02:10:06ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542025-05-01361562157110.1016/j.jmrt.2025.03.174Enhanced red hardness through fine carbides in M2 high-speed steel fabricated via electron beam powder bed fusionYingkang Wei0Yufeng Zhang1Xin Chu2Shufeng Yang3Jianyong Wang4Wenpeng Jia5Jilei Zhu6Shifeng Liu7School of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710055, PR ChinaSchool of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710055, PR ChinaNational Engineering Laboratory of Modern Materials Surface Engineering Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Surface Engineering Technology, Institute of New Materials, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510651, PR ChinaSchool of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR ChinaSchool of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710055, PR ChinaSchool of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710055, PR ChinaSchool of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710055, PR ChinaSchool of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710055, PR China; Corresponding author.M2 high-speed steel (HSS) is a crucial raw material for the manufacturing of high-performance precision cutting tools. Additive manufacturing technology, such as electron beam powder bed fusion (EB-PBF), enables the short-flow and high-efficiency fabrication of tools with complex structures, presenting promising development prospects. This study investigated the microstructural evolution and hardness variation of EB-PBF fabricated M2 HSS under simulated tool service conditions (500–600 °C, 1–3 cycles, 1 h per cycle). After service, the grain structure of the samples was further refined from 2.67 μm to 1.27–1.49 μm, accompanied by intensified precipitation of intracrystalline fine carbides, while the hardness remained between 61 and 66.1 HRC. Compared to the wrought bulk counterpart (quenched and tempered), the material exhibits a maximum improvement of 14 % in red hardness and 10.5 % in wear resistance.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425006842Electron beam powder bed fusionHigh-speed steelMicrostructureCarbideRed hardness |
| spellingShingle | Yingkang Wei Yufeng Zhang Xin Chu Shufeng Yang Jianyong Wang Wenpeng Jia Jilei Zhu Shifeng Liu Enhanced red hardness through fine carbides in M2 high-speed steel fabricated via electron beam powder bed fusion Journal of Materials Research and Technology Electron beam powder bed fusion High-speed steel Microstructure Carbide Red hardness |
| title | Enhanced red hardness through fine carbides in M2 high-speed steel fabricated via electron beam powder bed fusion |
| title_full | Enhanced red hardness through fine carbides in M2 high-speed steel fabricated via electron beam powder bed fusion |
| title_fullStr | Enhanced red hardness through fine carbides in M2 high-speed steel fabricated via electron beam powder bed fusion |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhanced red hardness through fine carbides in M2 high-speed steel fabricated via electron beam powder bed fusion |
| title_short | Enhanced red hardness through fine carbides in M2 high-speed steel fabricated via electron beam powder bed fusion |
| title_sort | enhanced red hardness through fine carbides in m2 high speed steel fabricated via electron beam powder bed fusion |
| topic | Electron beam powder bed fusion High-speed steel Microstructure Carbide Red hardness |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425006842 |
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