Development and characterisation of a liquid phase assisted healable aluminium-magnesium alloy processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Strategies to prevent the failure of Al alloys usually aim to optimise composition and microstructure to minimise damage initiation and propagation. However, these are inherently limited in that any damage that nucleates will not disappear. A new liquid phase assisted healable Al-Mg alloy is designe...

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Main Authors: Julie Gheysen, Grzegorz Pyka, Bartłomiej Winiarski, Julie Villanova, Florent Hannard, Sophie De Raedemacker, Jack Donoghue, Albert Smith, Aude Simar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-10-01
Series:Materials & Design
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525009931
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author Julie Gheysen
Grzegorz Pyka
Bartłomiej Winiarski
Julie Villanova
Florent Hannard
Sophie De Raedemacker
Jack Donoghue
Albert Smith
Aude Simar
author_facet Julie Gheysen
Grzegorz Pyka
Bartłomiej Winiarski
Julie Villanova
Florent Hannard
Sophie De Raedemacker
Jack Donoghue
Albert Smith
Aude Simar
author_sort Julie Gheysen
collection DOAJ
description Strategies to prevent the failure of Al alloys usually aim to optimise composition and microstructure to minimise damage initiation and propagation. However, these are inherently limited in that any damage that nucleates will not disappear. A new liquid phase assisted healable Al-Mg alloy is designed. Its microstructure is composed of a network of a lower melting point eutectic phase distributed within a higher melting point matrix. After damage, a healing heat treatment is applied at a temperature higher than the solidus temperature leading to liquid flow towards the damage sites and their welding. The matrix remains solid maintaining the structural integrity of the component. Correlative tomography combining insights from different 3D electron and X-ray nano-imaging techniques on the same volume of interest before and after healing, highlighted the complete healing and welding of voids and cracks up to 2 µm within the Al-Mg alloy. While softening mechanisms are typically associated with heat treatments of Al alloys, this Al-Mg alloy also maintains strength and ductility after healing heat treatment. This promising concept to increase parts lifetime has potential to be extendable to other non-eutectic 3D printed alloys.
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publishDate 2025-10-01
publisher Elsevier
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series Materials & Design
spelling doaj-art-e635f150f3c84611ad01e4ac6d3a21332025-08-22T04:54:53ZengElsevierMaterials & Design0264-12752025-10-0125811457310.1016/j.matdes.2025.114573Development and characterisation of a liquid phase assisted healable aluminium-magnesium alloy processed by Laser Powder Bed FusionJulie Gheysen0Grzegorz Pyka1Bartłomiej Winiarski2Julie Villanova3Florent Hannard4Sophie De Raedemacker5Jack Donoghue6Albert Smith7Aude Simar8Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Corresponding author.Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, BelgiumThermoFisher Scientific, 627 00 Brno, Czech RepublicESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS 40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, FranceInstitute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, BelgiumInstitute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, BelgiumUniversity of Manchester, Manchester, United KingdomTESCAN-UK, Cambridge, United KingdomInstitute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, BelgiumStrategies to prevent the failure of Al alloys usually aim to optimise composition and microstructure to minimise damage initiation and propagation. However, these are inherently limited in that any damage that nucleates will not disappear. A new liquid phase assisted healable Al-Mg alloy is designed. Its microstructure is composed of a network of a lower melting point eutectic phase distributed within a higher melting point matrix. After damage, a healing heat treatment is applied at a temperature higher than the solidus temperature leading to liquid flow towards the damage sites and their welding. The matrix remains solid maintaining the structural integrity of the component. Correlative tomography combining insights from different 3D electron and X-ray nano-imaging techniques on the same volume of interest before and after healing, highlighted the complete healing and welding of voids and cracks up to 2 µm within the Al-Mg alloy. While softening mechanisms are typically associated with heat treatments of Al alloys, this Al-Mg alloy also maintains strength and ductility after healing heat treatment. This promising concept to increase parts lifetime has potential to be extendable to other non-eutectic 3D printed alloys.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525009931Self-healingAluminium alloysAdditive manufacturingLiquid assisted healable alloysCorrelative tomography
spellingShingle Julie Gheysen
Grzegorz Pyka
Bartłomiej Winiarski
Julie Villanova
Florent Hannard
Sophie De Raedemacker
Jack Donoghue
Albert Smith
Aude Simar
Development and characterisation of a liquid phase assisted healable aluminium-magnesium alloy processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Materials & Design
Self-healing
Aluminium alloys
Additive manufacturing
Liquid assisted healable alloys
Correlative tomography
title Development and characterisation of a liquid phase assisted healable aluminium-magnesium alloy processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
title_full Development and characterisation of a liquid phase assisted healable aluminium-magnesium alloy processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
title_fullStr Development and characterisation of a liquid phase assisted healable aluminium-magnesium alloy processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
title_full_unstemmed Development and characterisation of a liquid phase assisted healable aluminium-magnesium alloy processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
title_short Development and characterisation of a liquid phase assisted healable aluminium-magnesium alloy processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
title_sort development and characterisation of a liquid phase assisted healable aluminium magnesium alloy processed by laser powder bed fusion
topic Self-healing
Aluminium alloys
Additive manufacturing
Liquid assisted healable alloys
Correlative tomography
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525009931
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