Novel Approximate Distribution of the Generalized Turbulence Channels for MIMO FSO Communications
In this article, we develop an innovative series representation for the sum of Rician non-zero boresight pointing error random variates based on the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\bm{\kappa }} - {\bm{\mu \ }}$</tex-math></inline-formula>distribution,...
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| Format: | Article |
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IEEE
2024-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Photonics Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10568928/ |
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| author | Wafaa M. R. Shakir Ali S. Mahdi Hani Hamdan Jinan Charafeddine Haitham Al Satai Radouane Akrache Samir Haddad Jinane Sayah |
| author_facet | Wafaa M. R. Shakir Ali S. Mahdi Hani Hamdan Jinan Charafeddine Haitham Al Satai Radouane Akrache Samir Haddad Jinane Sayah |
| author_sort | Wafaa M. R. Shakir |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this article, we develop an innovative series representation for the sum of Rician non-zero boresight pointing error random variates based on the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\bm{\kappa }} - {\bm{\mu \ }}$</tex-math></inline-formula>distribution, which is suitable for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission for the first time. Then, using this new representation, we introduce a novel closed-form probability density function (PDF) approximation for the sum of Gamma-Gamma random variates with generalized pointing errors and atmospheric attenuation of MIMO free-space optical (FSO) communications. Statistical Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests confirm the accuracy of this approximation over a wide range of channel conditions. The significance of this approximation is emphasized by deriving closed-form expressions for the ergodic capacity, outage probability, and average bit error rate (BER) using Meijer's G-function. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the performance of MIMO FSO systems utilizing the equal gain combining (EGC) diversity technique under various conditions, such as different numbers of transmitter and receiver, turbulence intensities, the effects of non-zero boresight pointing errors, and path attenuation. The results show that using MIMO technology with more transmitters and receivers significantly improves the performance of FSO communication compared to other diversity techniques, including single input single output (SISO), and multiple input single output (MISO) systems. Detailed evaluations of the ergodic capacity, outage probability, and average BER performance at high signal-to-noise ratios provide additional insights. Monte-Carlo simulation results demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed approach. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e63384d7ca34490997aed098a10c30d4 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1943-0655 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Photonics Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-e63384d7ca34490997aed098a10c30d42025-08-20T03:15:51ZengIEEEIEEE Photonics Journal1943-06552024-01-0116411510.1109/JPHOT.2024.341837110568928Novel Approximate Distribution of the Generalized Turbulence Channels for MIMO FSO CommunicationsWafaa M. R. Shakir0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8958-0261Ali S. Mahdi1Hani Hamdan2Jinan Charafeddine3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7732-3578Haitham Al Satai4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2942-8249Radouane Akrache5https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0718-4551Samir Haddad6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0292-2765Jinane Sayah7Computer Systems Department, Technical Institute of Babylon, Technical Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Babil, IraqComputer Systems Department, Technical Institute of Babylon, Technical Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Babil, IraqCentraleSupélec, CNRS, Laboratoire des Signaux et Systèmes (L2S UMR CNRS 8506), Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, FranceLéonard de Vinci Pôle Universitaire, Research Center, Paris La Défense, FrancePôle scientifique et technologique de Vélizy, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes de Versailles (LISVEA4048), Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, FrancePôle scientifique et technologique de Vélizy, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes de Versailles (LISVEA4048), Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, FranceDepartment of Computer Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, Koura, LebanonDepartment of Telecom and Networks, Issam Fares Faculty of Technology, University of Balamand, Koura, LebanonIn this article, we develop an innovative series representation for the sum of Rician non-zero boresight pointing error random variates based on the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\bm{\kappa }} - {\bm{\mu \ }}$</tex-math></inline-formula>distribution, which is suitable for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission for the first time. Then, using this new representation, we introduce a novel closed-form probability density function (PDF) approximation for the sum of Gamma-Gamma random variates with generalized pointing errors and atmospheric attenuation of MIMO free-space optical (FSO) communications. Statistical Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests confirm the accuracy of this approximation over a wide range of channel conditions. The significance of this approximation is emphasized by deriving closed-form expressions for the ergodic capacity, outage probability, and average bit error rate (BER) using Meijer's G-function. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the performance of MIMO FSO systems utilizing the equal gain combining (EGC) diversity technique under various conditions, such as different numbers of transmitter and receiver, turbulence intensities, the effects of non-zero boresight pointing errors, and path attenuation. The results show that using MIMO technology with more transmitters and receivers significantly improves the performance of FSO communication compared to other diversity techniques, including single input single output (SISO), and multiple input single output (MISO) systems. Detailed evaluations of the ergodic capacity, outage probability, and average BER performance at high signal-to-noise ratios provide additional insights. Monte-Carlo simulation results demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed approach.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10568928/Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)free-space optical (FSO) communicationsGamma-Gamma turbulencenon-zero boresight pointing errorsRician distributionatmospheric attenuation |
| spellingShingle | Wafaa M. R. Shakir Ali S. Mahdi Hani Hamdan Jinan Charafeddine Haitham Al Satai Radouane Akrache Samir Haddad Jinane Sayah Novel Approximate Distribution of the Generalized Turbulence Channels for MIMO FSO Communications IEEE Photonics Journal Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) free-space optical (FSO) communications Gamma-Gamma turbulence non-zero boresight pointing errors Rician distribution atmospheric attenuation |
| title | Novel Approximate Distribution of the Generalized Turbulence Channels for MIMO FSO Communications |
| title_full | Novel Approximate Distribution of the Generalized Turbulence Channels for MIMO FSO Communications |
| title_fullStr | Novel Approximate Distribution of the Generalized Turbulence Channels for MIMO FSO Communications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Novel Approximate Distribution of the Generalized Turbulence Channels for MIMO FSO Communications |
| title_short | Novel Approximate Distribution of the Generalized Turbulence Channels for MIMO FSO Communications |
| title_sort | novel approximate distribution of the generalized turbulence channels for mimo fso communications |
| topic | Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) free-space optical (FSO) communications Gamma-Gamma turbulence non-zero boresight pointing errors Rician distribution atmospheric attenuation |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10568928/ |
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