Association Between Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Fasting Blood Glucose: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Increasing studies are indicating a potential association between ambient air pollution exposure and fasting blood glucose (FBG), an indicator of prediabetes and diabetes. However, there is inconsistency within the existing literature. The aim of this study was to summarize the associations of expos...

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Main Authors: Tong Wu, Yang Lan, Ge Li, Kai Wang, Yu You, Jiaqi Zhu, Lihua Ren, Shaowei Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Toxics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/12/11/792
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author Tong Wu
Yang Lan
Ge Li
Kai Wang
Yu You
Jiaqi Zhu
Lihua Ren
Shaowei Wu
author_facet Tong Wu
Yang Lan
Ge Li
Kai Wang
Yu You
Jiaqi Zhu
Lihua Ren
Shaowei Wu
author_sort Tong Wu
collection DOAJ
description Increasing studies are indicating a potential association between ambient air pollution exposure and fasting blood glucose (FBG), an indicator of prediabetes and diabetes. However, there is inconsistency within the existing literature. The aim of this study was to summarize the associations of exposures to particulate matters (PMs) (with aerodynamic diameters of ≤1 μm (PM<sub>1</sub>), ≤2.5 μm (PM<sub>2.5</sub>), and ≤10 μm (PM<sub>10</sub>), respectively) and gaseous pollutants (sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>), nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) and ozone (O<sub>3</sub>)) with FBG based on the existing epidemiological research for a better understanding of the relationship between air pollution and diabetes. Up to 2 July 2024, we performed a comprehensive literature retrieval from various electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase). Random-effect and fixed-effect models were utilized to estimate the pooled percent changes (%) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Then, subgroup meta-analyses and meta-regression analyses were applied to recognize the sources of heterogeneity. There were 33 studies eligible for the meta-analysis. The results showed that for each 10 μg/m<sup>3</sup> increase in long-term exposures to PM<sub>1</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub>, and SO<sub>2</sub>, the pooled percent changes in FBG were 2.24% (95% CI: 0.54%, 3.96%), 1.72% (95% CI: 0.93%, 2.25%), 1.19% (95% CI: 0.41%, 1.97%), and 0.52% (95% CI:0.40%, 0.63%), respectively. Long-term exposures to ambient NO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> were not related to alterations in FBG. In conclusion, our findings support that long-term exposures to PMs of various aerodynamic diameters and SO<sub>2</sub> are associated with significantly elevated FBG levels.
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spelling doaj-art-e629702ef0aa4b9b86698afd83c4d79c2025-08-20T02:04:44ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042024-10-01121179210.3390/toxics12110792Association Between Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Fasting Blood Glucose: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisTong Wu0Yang Lan1Ge Li2Kai Wang3Yu You4Jiaqi Zhu5Lihua Ren6Shaowei Wu7Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, ChinaDepartment of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, ChinaDepartment of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, ChinaDepartment of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, ChinaDepartment of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, ChinaDepartment of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, ChinaSchool of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaDepartment of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, ChinaIncreasing studies are indicating a potential association between ambient air pollution exposure and fasting blood glucose (FBG), an indicator of prediabetes and diabetes. However, there is inconsistency within the existing literature. The aim of this study was to summarize the associations of exposures to particulate matters (PMs) (with aerodynamic diameters of ≤1 μm (PM<sub>1</sub>), ≤2.5 μm (PM<sub>2.5</sub>), and ≤10 μm (PM<sub>10</sub>), respectively) and gaseous pollutants (sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>), nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) and ozone (O<sub>3</sub>)) with FBG based on the existing epidemiological research for a better understanding of the relationship between air pollution and diabetes. Up to 2 July 2024, we performed a comprehensive literature retrieval from various electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase). Random-effect and fixed-effect models were utilized to estimate the pooled percent changes (%) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Then, subgroup meta-analyses and meta-regression analyses were applied to recognize the sources of heterogeneity. There were 33 studies eligible for the meta-analysis. The results showed that for each 10 μg/m<sup>3</sup> increase in long-term exposures to PM<sub>1</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub>, and SO<sub>2</sub>, the pooled percent changes in FBG were 2.24% (95% CI: 0.54%, 3.96%), 1.72% (95% CI: 0.93%, 2.25%), 1.19% (95% CI: 0.41%, 1.97%), and 0.52% (95% CI:0.40%, 0.63%), respectively. Long-term exposures to ambient NO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> were not related to alterations in FBG. In conclusion, our findings support that long-term exposures to PMs of various aerodynamic diameters and SO<sub>2</sub> are associated with significantly elevated FBG levels.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/12/11/792air pollutionfasting blood glucosegaseous pollutantmeta-analysisparticulate matter
spellingShingle Tong Wu
Yang Lan
Ge Li
Kai Wang
Yu You
Jiaqi Zhu
Lihua Ren
Shaowei Wu
Association Between Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Fasting Blood Glucose: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Toxics
air pollution
fasting blood glucose
gaseous pollutant
meta-analysis
particulate matter
title Association Between Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Fasting Blood Glucose: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_full Association Between Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Fasting Blood Glucose: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_fullStr Association Between Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Fasting Blood Glucose: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Association Between Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Fasting Blood Glucose: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_short Association Between Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Fasting Blood Glucose: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_sort association between long term exposure to ambient air pollution and fasting blood glucose a systematic review and meta analysis
topic air pollution
fasting blood glucose
gaseous pollutant
meta-analysis
particulate matter
url https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/12/11/792
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