Phytochemicals Targeting Inflammatory Pathways in Alcohol-Induced Liver Disease: A Mechanistic Review
Alcoholic beverages play a significant role in social engagement worldwide. Excessive alcohol causes a variety of health complications. Alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD) is responsible for the bulk of linked fatalities. The activation of immune mechanisms has a crucial role in developing ALD. No e...
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2025-05-01
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| author | Swati Tirunal Achary Prerna Gupta Apoorva Rajput Wanphidabet Sohkhia Srinivasa Reddy Bonam Bidya Dhar Sahu |
| author_facet | Swati Tirunal Achary Prerna Gupta Apoorva Rajput Wanphidabet Sohkhia Srinivasa Reddy Bonam Bidya Dhar Sahu |
| author_sort | Swati Tirunal Achary |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Alcoholic beverages play a significant role in social engagement worldwide. Excessive alcohol causes a variety of health complications. Alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD) is responsible for the bulk of linked fatalities. The activation of immune mechanisms has a crucial role in developing ALD. No effective medication promotes liver function, shields the liver from harm, or aids in hepatic cell regeneration. Alcohol withdrawal is one of the most beneficial therapies for ALD patients, which improves the patient’s chances of survival. There is a crucial demand for safe and reasonably priced approaches to treating it. Exploring naturally derived phytochemicals has been a fascinating path, and it has drawn attention in recent years to modulators of inflammatory pathways for the prevention and management of ALD. In this review, we have discussed the roles of various immune mechanisms in ALD, highlighting the importance of intestinal barrier integrity and gut microbiota, as well as the roles of immune cells and hepatic inflammation, and other pathways, including cGAS-STING, NLRP3, MAPK, JAK-STAT, and NF-kB. Further, this review also outlines the possible role of phytochemicals in targeting these inflammatory pathways to safeguard the liver from alcohol-induced injury. We highlighted that targeting immunological mechanisms using phytochemicals or herbal medicine may find a place to counteract ALD. Preclinical in vitro and in vivo investigations have shown promising results; nonetheless, more extensive work is required to properly understand these compounds’ mechanisms of action. Clinical investigations are very crucial in transferring laboratory knowledge into effective patient therapy. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e627a893f4e4404aa9d26a3c71fbb001 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1424-8247 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-e627a893f4e4404aa9d26a3c71fbb0012025-08-20T03:14:29ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472025-05-0118571010.3390/ph18050710Phytochemicals Targeting Inflammatory Pathways in Alcohol-Induced Liver Disease: A Mechanistic ReviewSwati Tirunal Achary0Prerna Gupta1Apoorva Rajput2Wanphidabet Sohkhia3Srinivasa Reddy Bonam4Bidya Dhar Sahu5Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781101, IndiaDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781101, IndiaVaccine Immunology Laboratory, Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, IndiaDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781101, IndiaVaccine Immunology Laboratory, Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, IndiaDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781101, IndiaAlcoholic beverages play a significant role in social engagement worldwide. Excessive alcohol causes a variety of health complications. Alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD) is responsible for the bulk of linked fatalities. The activation of immune mechanisms has a crucial role in developing ALD. No effective medication promotes liver function, shields the liver from harm, or aids in hepatic cell regeneration. Alcohol withdrawal is one of the most beneficial therapies for ALD patients, which improves the patient’s chances of survival. There is a crucial demand for safe and reasonably priced approaches to treating it. Exploring naturally derived phytochemicals has been a fascinating path, and it has drawn attention in recent years to modulators of inflammatory pathways for the prevention and management of ALD. In this review, we have discussed the roles of various immune mechanisms in ALD, highlighting the importance of intestinal barrier integrity and gut microbiota, as well as the roles of immune cells and hepatic inflammation, and other pathways, including cGAS-STING, NLRP3, MAPK, JAK-STAT, and NF-kB. Further, this review also outlines the possible role of phytochemicals in targeting these inflammatory pathways to safeguard the liver from alcohol-induced injury. We highlighted that targeting immunological mechanisms using phytochemicals or herbal medicine may find a place to counteract ALD. Preclinical in vitro and in vivo investigations have shown promising results; nonetheless, more extensive work is required to properly understand these compounds’ mechanisms of action. Clinical investigations are very crucial in transferring laboratory knowledge into effective patient therapy.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/5/710alcoholalcohol-induced liver diseasesimmunological mechanismspro-inflammatory responsephytochemicals |
| spellingShingle | Swati Tirunal Achary Prerna Gupta Apoorva Rajput Wanphidabet Sohkhia Srinivasa Reddy Bonam Bidya Dhar Sahu Phytochemicals Targeting Inflammatory Pathways in Alcohol-Induced Liver Disease: A Mechanistic Review Pharmaceuticals alcohol alcohol-induced liver diseases immunological mechanisms pro-inflammatory response phytochemicals |
| title | Phytochemicals Targeting Inflammatory Pathways in Alcohol-Induced Liver Disease: A Mechanistic Review |
| title_full | Phytochemicals Targeting Inflammatory Pathways in Alcohol-Induced Liver Disease: A Mechanistic Review |
| title_fullStr | Phytochemicals Targeting Inflammatory Pathways in Alcohol-Induced Liver Disease: A Mechanistic Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phytochemicals Targeting Inflammatory Pathways in Alcohol-Induced Liver Disease: A Mechanistic Review |
| title_short | Phytochemicals Targeting Inflammatory Pathways in Alcohol-Induced Liver Disease: A Mechanistic Review |
| title_sort | phytochemicals targeting inflammatory pathways in alcohol induced liver disease a mechanistic review |
| topic | alcohol alcohol-induced liver diseases immunological mechanisms pro-inflammatory response phytochemicals |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/5/710 |
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