Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing for Visible Light Communication Based on Minimum Shift Keying Modulation
With the rapid development of visible light communication (VLC) technology, traditional modulation schemes can no longer meet the high demands for bandwidth efficiency and signal stability in complex application scenarios. In particular, in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems,...
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Photonics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/5/404 |
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| author | Ying Zhang Kexin Li Yufeng Yang |
| author_facet | Ying Zhang Kexin Li Yufeng Yang |
| author_sort | Ying Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | With the rapid development of visible light communication (VLC) technology, traditional modulation schemes can no longer meet the high demands for bandwidth efficiency and signal stability in complex application scenarios. In particular, in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, issues such as the nonlinearity of Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) and carrier frequency offset have worsened system performance. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an <i>N</i>-order Minimum Shift Keying (NMSK) OFDM system with Fast Hartley Transform (FHT) for signal mapping. Monte Carlo simulations systematically compare the performance of low-order and high-order NMSK modulations under various conditions. The results indicate that low-order NMSK exhibits superior robustness against bit errors and interference, while high-order NMSK can maintain a stable PAPR and provide higher spectral efficiency in high-bandwidth demand scenarios. Further experiments validate the stability of high-order NMSK in high-density multi-user and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) environments, proving its adaptability and effectiveness in such scenarios. The high-order NMSK modulation scheme provides strong support for the reliability and bandwidth efficiency of future 6G VLC networks, offering significant application prospects. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e624c9f9411b4921b18e5140ac598d24 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2304-6732 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Photonics |
| spelling | doaj-art-e624c9f9411b4921b18e5140ac598d242025-08-20T02:34:01ZengMDPI AGPhotonics2304-67322025-04-0112540410.3390/photonics12050404Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing for Visible Light Communication Based on Minimum Shift Keying ModulationYing Zhang0Kexin Li1Yufeng Yang2School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, ChinaSchool of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, ChinaSchool of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, ChinaWith the rapid development of visible light communication (VLC) technology, traditional modulation schemes can no longer meet the high demands for bandwidth efficiency and signal stability in complex application scenarios. In particular, in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, issues such as the nonlinearity of Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) and carrier frequency offset have worsened system performance. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an <i>N</i>-order Minimum Shift Keying (NMSK) OFDM system with Fast Hartley Transform (FHT) for signal mapping. Monte Carlo simulations systematically compare the performance of low-order and high-order NMSK modulations under various conditions. The results indicate that low-order NMSK exhibits superior robustness against bit errors and interference, while high-order NMSK can maintain a stable PAPR and provide higher spectral efficiency in high-bandwidth demand scenarios. Further experiments validate the stability of high-order NMSK in high-density multi-user and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) environments, proving its adaptability and effectiveness in such scenarios. The high-order NMSK modulation scheme provides strong support for the reliability and bandwidth efficiency of future 6G VLC networks, offering significant application prospects.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/5/404visible light communicationorthogonal frequency division multiplexing<i>N</i>-order minimum frequency shift keying6G converged communications |
| spellingShingle | Ying Zhang Kexin Li Yufeng Yang Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing for Visible Light Communication Based on Minimum Shift Keying Modulation Photonics visible light communication orthogonal frequency division multiplexing <i>N</i>-order minimum frequency shift keying 6G converged communications |
| title | Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing for Visible Light Communication Based on Minimum Shift Keying Modulation |
| title_full | Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing for Visible Light Communication Based on Minimum Shift Keying Modulation |
| title_fullStr | Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing for Visible Light Communication Based on Minimum Shift Keying Modulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing for Visible Light Communication Based on Minimum Shift Keying Modulation |
| title_short | Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing for Visible Light Communication Based on Minimum Shift Keying Modulation |
| title_sort | orthogonal frequency division multiplexing for visible light communication based on minimum shift keying modulation |
| topic | visible light communication orthogonal frequency division multiplexing <i>N</i>-order minimum frequency shift keying 6G converged communications |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/5/404 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yingzhang orthogonalfrequencydivisionmultiplexingforvisiblelightcommunicationbasedonminimumshiftkeyingmodulation AT kexinli orthogonalfrequencydivisionmultiplexingforvisiblelightcommunicationbasedonminimumshiftkeyingmodulation AT yufengyang orthogonalfrequencydivisionmultiplexingforvisiblelightcommunicationbasedonminimumshiftkeyingmodulation |