Facile Preparation Route of Cellulose-Based Flame Retardant by Ball-Milling Mechanochemistry
In this study, a sustainable cellulose-based flame-retardant additive was developed, characterized, and incorporated into polypropylene (PP). Microcrystalline cellulose (Cel) was chemically modified with P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> using the solvent-free ball-milling mechanoch...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/24/6065 |
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| author | Mohamed Aaddouz Fouad Laoutid Jerome Mariage Jevgenij Lazko Bopha Yada El Miloud Mejdoubi Antoniya Toncheva Philippe Dubois |
| author_facet | Mohamed Aaddouz Fouad Laoutid Jerome Mariage Jevgenij Lazko Bopha Yada El Miloud Mejdoubi Antoniya Toncheva Philippe Dubois |
| author_sort | Mohamed Aaddouz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, a sustainable cellulose-based flame-retardant additive was developed, characterized, and incorporated into polypropylene (PP). Microcrystalline cellulose (Cel) was chemically modified with P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> using the solvent-free ball-milling mechanochemistry approach at room temperature. This modification enabled phosphorus grafting onto cellulose, significantly enhancing the cellulose charring ability and improving the thermal stability of the char as revealed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The resulting product, Cel-P, containing 4.15 wt.% phosphorus, was incorporated and uniformly dispersed as a flame-retardant (FR) additive at 30 wt.% in PP through melt processing. The PP+30-Cel-P composite demonstrated improved char formation and FR properties, including reduction of both peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) in mass loss cone calorimetry (MLC). Moreover, lower light absorptivity was obtained by smoke opacity tests as compared to PP filled with unmodified cellulose. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e61e5e2dbc6b447892c007866be5280a |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-e61e5e2dbc6b447892c007866be5280a2025-08-20T02:57:20ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492024-12-012924606510.3390/molecules29246065Facile Preparation Route of Cellulose-Based Flame Retardant by Ball-Milling MechanochemistryMohamed Aaddouz0Fouad Laoutid1Jerome Mariage2Jevgenij Lazko3Bopha Yada4El Miloud Mejdoubi5Antoniya Toncheva6Philippe Dubois7Laboratory Applied Chemistry and Environmental (LCAE), Faculty of Sciences of Oujda, Mohamed 1st University, Oujda 60000, MoroccoMateria Nova Research Center, UMONS Innovation Center, Avenue Nicolas Copernic 3, B-7000 Mons, BelgiumMateria Nova Research Center, UMONS Innovation Center, Avenue Nicolas Copernic 3, B-7000 Mons, BelgiumMateria Nova Research Center, UMONS Innovation Center, Avenue Nicolas Copernic 3, B-7000 Mons, BelgiumMateria Nova Research Center, UMONS Innovation Center, Avenue Nicolas Copernic 3, B-7000 Mons, BelgiumLaboratory Applied Chemistry and Environmental (LCAE), Faculty of Sciences of Oujda, Mohamed 1st University, Oujda 60000, MoroccoMateria Nova Research Center, UMONS Innovation Center, Avenue Nicolas Copernic 3, B-7000 Mons, BelgiumMateria Nova Research Center, UMONS Innovation Center, Avenue Nicolas Copernic 3, B-7000 Mons, BelgiumIn this study, a sustainable cellulose-based flame-retardant additive was developed, characterized, and incorporated into polypropylene (PP). Microcrystalline cellulose (Cel) was chemically modified with P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> using the solvent-free ball-milling mechanochemistry approach at room temperature. This modification enabled phosphorus grafting onto cellulose, significantly enhancing the cellulose charring ability and improving the thermal stability of the char as revealed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The resulting product, Cel-P, containing 4.15 wt.% phosphorus, was incorporated and uniformly dispersed as a flame-retardant (FR) additive at 30 wt.% in PP through melt processing. The PP+30-Cel-P composite demonstrated improved char formation and FR properties, including reduction of both peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) in mass loss cone calorimetry (MLC). Moreover, lower light absorptivity was obtained by smoke opacity tests as compared to PP filled with unmodified cellulose.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/24/6065celluloseflame retardancymechanochemistryphosphorylationbio-based |
| spellingShingle | Mohamed Aaddouz Fouad Laoutid Jerome Mariage Jevgenij Lazko Bopha Yada El Miloud Mejdoubi Antoniya Toncheva Philippe Dubois Facile Preparation Route of Cellulose-Based Flame Retardant by Ball-Milling Mechanochemistry Molecules cellulose flame retardancy mechanochemistry phosphorylation bio-based |
| title | Facile Preparation Route of Cellulose-Based Flame Retardant by Ball-Milling Mechanochemistry |
| title_full | Facile Preparation Route of Cellulose-Based Flame Retardant by Ball-Milling Mechanochemistry |
| title_fullStr | Facile Preparation Route of Cellulose-Based Flame Retardant by Ball-Milling Mechanochemistry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Facile Preparation Route of Cellulose-Based Flame Retardant by Ball-Milling Mechanochemistry |
| title_short | Facile Preparation Route of Cellulose-Based Flame Retardant by Ball-Milling Mechanochemistry |
| title_sort | facile preparation route of cellulose based flame retardant by ball milling mechanochemistry |
| topic | cellulose flame retardancy mechanochemistry phosphorylation bio-based |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/24/6065 |
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