Carbon emissions peak of China’s apple cultivation achieved in 2014: a comprehensive analysis and implications

Abstract Carbon sequestration and emission reduction in apple cultivation are of great significance for achieving sustainable agricultural development and combating climate change. However, the status of carbon emissions from apple cultivation is unclear, and this study will provide implications for...

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Main Authors: Jingyu Zhang, Yanqun Wang, Yingchun Li, Zhengping Peng, Fen Ma, Xue Han, Kuo Li, Mingyue Zhao, Xin Ma
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88885-6
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author Jingyu Zhang
Yanqun Wang
Yingchun Li
Zhengping Peng
Fen Ma
Xue Han
Kuo Li
Mingyue Zhao
Xin Ma
author_facet Jingyu Zhang
Yanqun Wang
Yingchun Li
Zhengping Peng
Fen Ma
Xue Han
Kuo Li
Mingyue Zhao
Xin Ma
author_sort Jingyu Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Carbon sequestration and emission reduction in apple cultivation are of great significance for achieving sustainable agricultural development and combating climate change. However, the status of carbon emissions from apple cultivation is unclear, and this study will provide implications for the agriculture sector. This study applied the life cycle assessment method to quantify carbon emissions and analysed the footprint composition of apple orchards in China, and identified the emissions peak based on the Mann–Kendall analysis. The results showed that the carbon emissions of apple cultivation reached the carbon peak in 2014. The carbon emissions per unit area (CEA) and per unit yield (CEY) were 5.79 t CO2eq ha−1 and 0.23 kg CO2eq kg−1 in 2021, respectively. Carbon emissions from fertilizers (54.4%) and irrigation electricity (30.9%) were identified as the dominant components in apple orchards. Specifically, Henan and Shandong exhibited higher growing advantages, characterized by higher carbon economic efficiency and lower CEY. The carbon emissions of the ideal scenario will be decreased 69.6% through optimizing fertilizers and energy restructuring. In conclusion, promoting low-carbon development in apple orchards can be achieved through targeted in-field mitigation measures, such as optimizing the amount and types of fertilizers, and adopting new energy for agricultural machinery.
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spelling doaj-art-e61cc13cc66c4772892111897d7ee7b82025-08-20T02:17:01ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111310.1038/s41598-025-88885-6Carbon emissions peak of China’s apple cultivation achieved in 2014: a comprehensive analysis and implicationsJingyu Zhang0Yanqun Wang1Yingchun Li2Zhengping Peng3Fen Ma4Xue Han5Kuo Li6Mingyue Zhao7Xin Ma8Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesCollege of Resources and Environmental Sciences/Key Laboratory of Farmland Eco-Environment of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural UniversityInstitute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesCollege of Resources and Environmental Sciences/Key Laboratory of Farmland Eco-Environment of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural UniversityInstitute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesInstitute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesInstitute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesInstitute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesInstitute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAbstract Carbon sequestration and emission reduction in apple cultivation are of great significance for achieving sustainable agricultural development and combating climate change. However, the status of carbon emissions from apple cultivation is unclear, and this study will provide implications for the agriculture sector. This study applied the life cycle assessment method to quantify carbon emissions and analysed the footprint composition of apple orchards in China, and identified the emissions peak based on the Mann–Kendall analysis. The results showed that the carbon emissions of apple cultivation reached the carbon peak in 2014. The carbon emissions per unit area (CEA) and per unit yield (CEY) were 5.79 t CO2eq ha−1 and 0.23 kg CO2eq kg−1 in 2021, respectively. Carbon emissions from fertilizers (54.4%) and irrigation electricity (30.9%) were identified as the dominant components in apple orchards. Specifically, Henan and Shandong exhibited higher growing advantages, characterized by higher carbon economic efficiency and lower CEY. The carbon emissions of the ideal scenario will be decreased 69.6% through optimizing fertilizers and energy restructuring. In conclusion, promoting low-carbon development in apple orchards can be achieved through targeted in-field mitigation measures, such as optimizing the amount and types of fertilizers, and adopting new energy for agricultural machinery.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88885-6Carbon peakCarbon footprintLife cycle assessmentChinese apple
spellingShingle Jingyu Zhang
Yanqun Wang
Yingchun Li
Zhengping Peng
Fen Ma
Xue Han
Kuo Li
Mingyue Zhao
Xin Ma
Carbon emissions peak of China’s apple cultivation achieved in 2014: a comprehensive analysis and implications
Scientific Reports
Carbon peak
Carbon footprint
Life cycle assessment
Chinese apple
title Carbon emissions peak of China’s apple cultivation achieved in 2014: a comprehensive analysis and implications
title_full Carbon emissions peak of China’s apple cultivation achieved in 2014: a comprehensive analysis and implications
title_fullStr Carbon emissions peak of China’s apple cultivation achieved in 2014: a comprehensive analysis and implications
title_full_unstemmed Carbon emissions peak of China’s apple cultivation achieved in 2014: a comprehensive analysis and implications
title_short Carbon emissions peak of China’s apple cultivation achieved in 2014: a comprehensive analysis and implications
title_sort carbon emissions peak of china s apple cultivation achieved in 2014 a comprehensive analysis and implications
topic Carbon peak
Carbon footprint
Life cycle assessment
Chinese apple
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88885-6
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