Molecular manipulation of polyamide nanostructures reconciles the permeance-selectivity threshold for precise ion separation

Abstract Membrane nanofiltration (NF) has emerged as a prominent technology for efficient separations of ions, but state-of-the-art polyamide (PA) NF membranes are constrained by a pernicious tradeoff between water permeance and selectivity. This work conceives a versatile molecular engineering stra...

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Main Authors: Zhenxiang Pan, Yalong Lei, Tiange Yan, Fuxin Zheng, Yu Liao, Jiang Zhan, Tong Zhang, Lu Shao, Gang Han
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62376-8
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author Zhenxiang Pan
Yalong Lei
Tiange Yan
Fuxin Zheng
Yu Liao
Jiang Zhan
Tong Zhang
Lu Shao
Gang Han
author_facet Zhenxiang Pan
Yalong Lei
Tiange Yan
Fuxin Zheng
Yu Liao
Jiang Zhan
Tong Zhang
Lu Shao
Gang Han
author_sort Zhenxiang Pan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Membrane nanofiltration (NF) has emerged as a prominent technology for efficient separations of ions, but state-of-the-art polyamide (PA) NF membranes are constrained by a pernicious tradeoff between water permeance and selectivity. This work conceives a versatile molecular engineering strategy to simultaneously improve water permeance and co-cation selectivity through molecular construction of cationic triazolyl heterocyclic polyamide (CTHP) nanofilms via scalable interfacial polymerization. Experimental data and molecular simulations reveal that the CTHP structures precisely regulate the subnanometer pore architecture and binding affinity with water and ions, affording advanced size-sieving and Donnan exclusion while facilitating water partitioning and transport. The exemplified PA membrane exhibits ultrahigh divalent cation rejections of over 99% with a 9-fold increase in monovalent/divalent cation sieving selectivity relative to the pristine benchmark, exceptional water permeance, and good fouling resistance. The implemented molecular engineering strategy holds broad prospects for the rational design of high-performance polymeric membranes for sustainable and precision separations.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2041-1723
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Nature Communications
spelling doaj-art-e61a6c59e6344f4aa3b79d8714b0f2c42025-08-20T03:43:10ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-08-0116111310.1038/s41467-025-62376-8Molecular manipulation of polyamide nanostructures reconciles the permeance-selectivity threshold for precise ion separationZhenxiang Pan0Yalong Lei1Tiange Yan2Fuxin Zheng3Yu Liao4Jiang Zhan5Tong Zhang6Lu Shao7Gang Han8College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai UniversityCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai UniversityCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai UniversityCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai UniversityCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai UniversityCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai UniversityCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai UniversityState Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of TechnologyCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai UniversityAbstract Membrane nanofiltration (NF) has emerged as a prominent technology for efficient separations of ions, but state-of-the-art polyamide (PA) NF membranes are constrained by a pernicious tradeoff between water permeance and selectivity. This work conceives a versatile molecular engineering strategy to simultaneously improve water permeance and co-cation selectivity through molecular construction of cationic triazolyl heterocyclic polyamide (CTHP) nanofilms via scalable interfacial polymerization. Experimental data and molecular simulations reveal that the CTHP structures precisely regulate the subnanometer pore architecture and binding affinity with water and ions, affording advanced size-sieving and Donnan exclusion while facilitating water partitioning and transport. The exemplified PA membrane exhibits ultrahigh divalent cation rejections of over 99% with a 9-fold increase in monovalent/divalent cation sieving selectivity relative to the pristine benchmark, exceptional water permeance, and good fouling resistance. The implemented molecular engineering strategy holds broad prospects for the rational design of high-performance polymeric membranes for sustainable and precision separations.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62376-8
spellingShingle Zhenxiang Pan
Yalong Lei
Tiange Yan
Fuxin Zheng
Yu Liao
Jiang Zhan
Tong Zhang
Lu Shao
Gang Han
Molecular manipulation of polyamide nanostructures reconciles the permeance-selectivity threshold for precise ion separation
Nature Communications
title Molecular manipulation of polyamide nanostructures reconciles the permeance-selectivity threshold for precise ion separation
title_full Molecular manipulation of polyamide nanostructures reconciles the permeance-selectivity threshold for precise ion separation
title_fullStr Molecular manipulation of polyamide nanostructures reconciles the permeance-selectivity threshold for precise ion separation
title_full_unstemmed Molecular manipulation of polyamide nanostructures reconciles the permeance-selectivity threshold for precise ion separation
title_short Molecular manipulation of polyamide nanostructures reconciles the permeance-selectivity threshold for precise ion separation
title_sort molecular manipulation of polyamide nanostructures reconciles the permeance selectivity threshold for precise ion separation
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62376-8
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