Frequent failure of nutrients to increase plant biomass supports the need for precision fertilization in agriculture

Abstract Implementing precision fertilization to maximize crop yield while minimizing economic and environmental impacts has become critical for agriculture. Variability in biomass response to fertilization within fields, among regions, and over time creates simultaneous risks of under-yielding and...

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Main Authors: Oliver H. Carroll, Eric W. Seabloom, Elizabeth T. Borer, W. Stanley Harpole, Peter Wilfahrt, Carlos A. Arnillas, Jonathan D. Bakker, Dana M. Blumenthal, Elizabeth Boughton, Miguel N. Bugalho, Maria Caldeira, Malcolm M. Campbell, Jane Catford, Qingqing Chen, Christopher R. Dickman, Ian Donohue, Mary Ellyn DuPre, Anu Eskelinen, Catalina Estrada, Philip A. Fay, Evan D. G. Fraser, Nicole Hagenah, Yann Hautier, Erika Hersh-Green, Ingibjörg S. Jónsdóttir, Taku Kadoya, Kimberly Komatsu, Luciola Lannes, Maowei Liang, Harry Olde Venterink, Pablo Peri, Sally A. Power, Jodi N. Price, Zhengwei Ren, Anita C. Risch, Grégory Sonnier, G. F. Veen, Risto Virtanen, Glenda M. Wardle, Elizabeth F. Waring, George Wheeler, Laura Yahdjian, Andrew S. MacDougall
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99071-z
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author Oliver H. Carroll
Eric W. Seabloom
Elizabeth T. Borer
W. Stanley Harpole
Peter Wilfahrt
Carlos A. Arnillas
Jonathan D. Bakker
Dana M. Blumenthal
Elizabeth Boughton
Miguel N. Bugalho
Maria Caldeira
Malcolm M. Campbell
Jane Catford
Qingqing Chen
Christopher R. Dickman
Ian Donohue
Mary Ellyn DuPre
Anu Eskelinen
Catalina Estrada
Philip A. Fay
Evan D. G. Fraser
Nicole Hagenah
Yann Hautier
Erika Hersh-Green
Ingibjörg S. Jónsdóttir
Taku Kadoya
Kimberly Komatsu
Luciola Lannes
Maowei Liang
Harry Olde Venterink
Pablo Peri
Sally A. Power
Jodi N. Price
Zhengwei Ren
Anita C. Risch
Grégory Sonnier
G. F. Veen
Risto Virtanen
Glenda M. Wardle
Elizabeth F. Waring
George Wheeler
Laura Yahdjian
Andrew S. MacDougall
author_facet Oliver H. Carroll
Eric W. Seabloom
Elizabeth T. Borer
W. Stanley Harpole
Peter Wilfahrt
Carlos A. Arnillas
Jonathan D. Bakker
Dana M. Blumenthal
Elizabeth Boughton
Miguel N. Bugalho
Maria Caldeira
Malcolm M. Campbell
Jane Catford
Qingqing Chen
Christopher R. Dickman
Ian Donohue
Mary Ellyn DuPre
Anu Eskelinen
Catalina Estrada
Philip A. Fay
Evan D. G. Fraser
Nicole Hagenah
Yann Hautier
Erika Hersh-Green
Ingibjörg S. Jónsdóttir
Taku Kadoya
Kimberly Komatsu
Luciola Lannes
Maowei Liang
Harry Olde Venterink
Pablo Peri
Sally A. Power
Jodi N. Price
Zhengwei Ren
Anita C. Risch
Grégory Sonnier
G. F. Veen
Risto Virtanen
Glenda M. Wardle
Elizabeth F. Waring
George Wheeler
Laura Yahdjian
Andrew S. MacDougall
author_sort Oliver H. Carroll
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Implementing precision fertilization to maximize crop yield while minimizing economic and environmental impacts has become critical for agriculture. Variability in biomass response to fertilization within fields, among regions, and over time creates simultaneous risks of under-yielding and overfertilization. We quantify factors determining fertilization responsiveness (i.e., biomass increases with fertilization) up to 15 years in 61 unfertilized rangelands on six continents. We demonstrate widespread multi-year variability in responsiveness, with fertilization increasing average yield by 43% but failing to improve biomass 26% of the time. All sites were responsive at least once, but only four of 61 responded in all plots and years. Modelled management scenarios highlighted that fertilizer cessation is likely to generate sizable economic savings but always reduces yield because of the difficulty in predicting when and where biomass will be unresponsive. This work reveals substantial scale-dependent variability in fertilization responsiveness globally, while clarifying the prospects and pitfalls of managing more spatially and temporally precise nutrient application.
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spelling doaj-art-e617e5705c21486cb0c362ee4e7007542025-08-20T01:51:39ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111210.1038/s41598-025-99071-zFrequent failure of nutrients to increase plant biomass supports the need for precision fertilization in agricultureOliver H. Carroll0Eric W. Seabloom1Elizabeth T. Borer2W. Stanley Harpole3Peter Wilfahrt4Carlos A. Arnillas5Jonathan D. Bakker6Dana M. Blumenthal7Elizabeth Boughton8Miguel N. Bugalho9Maria Caldeira10Malcolm M. Campbell11Jane Catford12Qingqing Chen13Christopher R. Dickman14Ian Donohue15Mary Ellyn DuPre16Anu Eskelinen17Catalina Estrada18Philip A. Fay19Evan D. G. Fraser20Nicole Hagenah21Yann Hautier22Erika Hersh-Green23Ingibjörg S. Jónsdóttir24Taku Kadoya25Kimberly Komatsu26Luciola Lannes27Maowei Liang28Harry Olde Venterink29Pablo Peri30Sally A. Power31Jodi N. Price32Zhengwei Ren33Anita C. Risch34Grégory Sonnier35G. F. Veen36Risto Virtanen37Glenda M. Wardle38Elizabeth F. Waring39George Wheeler40Laura Yahdjian41Andrew S. MacDougall42Department of Integrative Biology, University of GuelphDepartment of Ecology, Evolution, and Behaviour, University of MinnesotaDepartment of Ecology, Evolution, and Behaviour, University of MinnesotaGerman Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Leipzig UniversityDepartment of Ecology, Evolution, and Behaviour, University of MinnesotaDepartment of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto at ScarboroughSchool of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of WashingtonRangeland Resources & Systems Research Unit, USDA-ARSArchbold Biological StationCenter for Applied Ecology, School of Agriculture, University of LisbonCenter for Forest Studies, Associated Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of LisbonDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of GuelphDepartment of Geography, King’s College LondonGerman Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Leipzig UniversitySchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of SydneySchool of Natural Sciences, Trinity College DublinMPG RanchEcology and Genetics Unit, University of OuluDepartment of Life Sciences, Imperial CollegeUSDA Agricultural Research ServiceDepartment of Geography, University of GuelphMammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of PretoriaDepartment of Biology, Utrecht UniversityDepartment of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technical UniversityLife and Environmental Sciences, University of IcelandNational Institute for Environmental StudiesBiology Department, University of North Carolina at GreensboroDepartment of Biology and Animal Sciences, State University of Sao PauloCedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve, University of MinnesotaWildness, Biodiversity and Ecosystems under change (WILD), Vrije Universiteit BrusselUniversidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral-INTA-CONICETHawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney UniversityGulbali Institute, Charles Sturt UniversityCollege of Ecology, Lanzhou UniversitySwiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLArchbold Biological StationNetherlands Institute of EcologyEcology and Genetics Unit, University of OuluSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of SydneyDepartment of Natural Sciences, Northeastern State UniversitySchool of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-LincolnCátedra de Ecología, Facultad de Agronomía, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos AiresDepartment of Integrative Biology, University of GuelphAbstract Implementing precision fertilization to maximize crop yield while minimizing economic and environmental impacts has become critical for agriculture. Variability in biomass response to fertilization within fields, among regions, and over time creates simultaneous risks of under-yielding and overfertilization. We quantify factors determining fertilization responsiveness (i.e., biomass increases with fertilization) up to 15 years in 61 unfertilized rangelands on six continents. We demonstrate widespread multi-year variability in responsiveness, with fertilization increasing average yield by 43% but failing to improve biomass 26% of the time. All sites were responsive at least once, but only four of 61 responded in all plots and years. Modelled management scenarios highlighted that fertilizer cessation is likely to generate sizable economic savings but always reduces yield because of the difficulty in predicting when and where biomass will be unresponsive. This work reveals substantial scale-dependent variability in fertilization responsiveness globally, while clarifying the prospects and pitfalls of managing more spatially and temporally precise nutrient application.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99071-zNutrient limitationPrecision fertilizationPrecision agricultureRangelandsGrasslandsFertilizer responsiveness
spellingShingle Oliver H. Carroll
Eric W. Seabloom
Elizabeth T. Borer
W. Stanley Harpole
Peter Wilfahrt
Carlos A. Arnillas
Jonathan D. Bakker
Dana M. Blumenthal
Elizabeth Boughton
Miguel N. Bugalho
Maria Caldeira
Malcolm M. Campbell
Jane Catford
Qingqing Chen
Christopher R. Dickman
Ian Donohue
Mary Ellyn DuPre
Anu Eskelinen
Catalina Estrada
Philip A. Fay
Evan D. G. Fraser
Nicole Hagenah
Yann Hautier
Erika Hersh-Green
Ingibjörg S. Jónsdóttir
Taku Kadoya
Kimberly Komatsu
Luciola Lannes
Maowei Liang
Harry Olde Venterink
Pablo Peri
Sally A. Power
Jodi N. Price
Zhengwei Ren
Anita C. Risch
Grégory Sonnier
G. F. Veen
Risto Virtanen
Glenda M. Wardle
Elizabeth F. Waring
George Wheeler
Laura Yahdjian
Andrew S. MacDougall
Frequent failure of nutrients to increase plant biomass supports the need for precision fertilization in agriculture
Scientific Reports
Nutrient limitation
Precision fertilization
Precision agriculture
Rangelands
Grasslands
Fertilizer responsiveness
title Frequent failure of nutrients to increase plant biomass supports the need for precision fertilization in agriculture
title_full Frequent failure of nutrients to increase plant biomass supports the need for precision fertilization in agriculture
title_fullStr Frequent failure of nutrients to increase plant biomass supports the need for precision fertilization in agriculture
title_full_unstemmed Frequent failure of nutrients to increase plant biomass supports the need for precision fertilization in agriculture
title_short Frequent failure of nutrients to increase plant biomass supports the need for precision fertilization in agriculture
title_sort frequent failure of nutrients to increase plant biomass supports the need for precision fertilization in agriculture
topic Nutrient limitation
Precision fertilization
Precision agriculture
Rangelands
Grasslands
Fertilizer responsiveness
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99071-z
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