Salt stress induces SFT expression to promote early flowering and inhibits floral organ development by disturbing cell cycle in tomato

Excessive application of fertilizers and continuous cropping result in a large amount of salt residues remaining in the soil, leading to salt stress in the following crop cultivation. Salt stress jeopardizes the growth and development of plants and poses a great challenge to tomato production. Flora...

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Main Authors: Fengze Sun, Yahui Wang, Genzhong Liu, Dong Fang, Mingxuan Sun, Zhilong Bao, Fangfang Ma
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Maximum Academic Press 2024-01-01
Series:Vegetable Research
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Online Access:https://www.maxapress.com/article/doi/10.48130/vegres-0024-0017
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author Fengze Sun
Yahui Wang
Genzhong Liu
Dong Fang
Mingxuan Sun
Zhilong Bao
Fangfang Ma
author_facet Fengze Sun
Yahui Wang
Genzhong Liu
Dong Fang
Mingxuan Sun
Zhilong Bao
Fangfang Ma
author_sort Fengze Sun
collection DOAJ
description Excessive application of fertilizers and continuous cropping result in a large amount of salt residues remaining in the soil, leading to salt stress in the following crop cultivation. Salt stress jeopardizes the growth and development of plants and poses a great challenge to tomato production. Floral transition is a critical step in determining the crop yield. Here the impact of salt stress on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) floral transition using various concentrations of NaCl solutions is investigated. Salt stress significantly reduced plant biomass compared to the control. We observed an early flowering phenotype and smaller flowers in tomato plants treated with 50−150 mM NaCl solution relative to the control. RT-qPCR analyses of genes involved in floral transition revealed that the SFT gene was upregulated under salt stress suggesting the activation of SFT (SINGLE-FLOWER TRUSS)-AP1(APETALA 1) pathway-mediated floral transition. Salt treatment led to a decrease in tomato seedlings biomass, particularly in floral organs. Meanwhile, plants treated with 150 Mm NaCl also produced much smaller fruits than the control leading to a significant decrease in yield. Nuclear DNA ploidy analysis of various floral tissues in tomato has revealed significant impacts of salt stress on the intranuclear replication within sepals and petals. We indicate that the cell cycle in floral organs is disrupted by salt stress, primarily through its influence on the transcription of CycA2;1 and CycB1;2. Our study elucidates that salt stress promotes early flowering by inducing SFT expression and retard tomato floral organ development via perturbation of the cell cycle.
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publishDate 2024-01-01
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spelling doaj-art-e6116d15b5e94d20be9fe1e5bbdb60372025-08-20T02:27:15ZengMaximum Academic PressVegetable Research2769-05202024-01-014111110.48130/vegres-0024-0017vegres-0024-0017Salt stress induces SFT expression to promote early flowering and inhibits floral organ development by disturbing cell cycle in tomatoFengze Sun0Yahui Wang1Genzhong Liu2Dong Fang3Mingxuan Sun4Zhilong Bao5Fangfang Ma6College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An 271018, Shandong, ChinaCollege of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An 271018, Shandong, ChinaCollege of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An 271018, Shandong, ChinaDepartment of Research and Development, Enaco Fertile B.V., 2595 AM, The NetherlandsCollege of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An 271018, Shandong, ChinaCollege of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An 271018, Shandong, ChinaCollege of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An 271018, Shandong, ChinaExcessive application of fertilizers and continuous cropping result in a large amount of salt residues remaining in the soil, leading to salt stress in the following crop cultivation. Salt stress jeopardizes the growth and development of plants and poses a great challenge to tomato production. Floral transition is a critical step in determining the crop yield. Here the impact of salt stress on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) floral transition using various concentrations of NaCl solutions is investigated. Salt stress significantly reduced plant biomass compared to the control. We observed an early flowering phenotype and smaller flowers in tomato plants treated with 50−150 mM NaCl solution relative to the control. RT-qPCR analyses of genes involved in floral transition revealed that the SFT gene was upregulated under salt stress suggesting the activation of SFT (SINGLE-FLOWER TRUSS)-AP1(APETALA 1) pathway-mediated floral transition. Salt treatment led to a decrease in tomato seedlings biomass, particularly in floral organs. Meanwhile, plants treated with 150 Mm NaCl also produced much smaller fruits than the control leading to a significant decrease in yield. Nuclear DNA ploidy analysis of various floral tissues in tomato has revealed significant impacts of salt stress on the intranuclear replication within sepals and petals. We indicate that the cell cycle in floral organs is disrupted by salt stress, primarily through its influence on the transcription of CycA2;1 and CycB1;2. Our study elucidates that salt stress promotes early flowering by inducing SFT expression and retard tomato floral organ development via perturbation of the cell cycle.https://www.maxapress.com/article/doi/10.48130/vegres-0024-0017tomatoflowering timecell cyclesalt stressflower organ development
spellingShingle Fengze Sun
Yahui Wang
Genzhong Liu
Dong Fang
Mingxuan Sun
Zhilong Bao
Fangfang Ma
Salt stress induces SFT expression to promote early flowering and inhibits floral organ development by disturbing cell cycle in tomato
Vegetable Research
tomato
flowering time
cell cycle
salt stress
flower organ development
title Salt stress induces SFT expression to promote early flowering and inhibits floral organ development by disturbing cell cycle in tomato
title_full Salt stress induces SFT expression to promote early flowering and inhibits floral organ development by disturbing cell cycle in tomato
title_fullStr Salt stress induces SFT expression to promote early flowering and inhibits floral organ development by disturbing cell cycle in tomato
title_full_unstemmed Salt stress induces SFT expression to promote early flowering and inhibits floral organ development by disturbing cell cycle in tomato
title_short Salt stress induces SFT expression to promote early flowering and inhibits floral organ development by disturbing cell cycle in tomato
title_sort salt stress induces sft expression to promote early flowering and inhibits floral organ development by disturbing cell cycle in tomato
topic tomato
flowering time
cell cycle
salt stress
flower organ development
url https://www.maxapress.com/article/doi/10.48130/vegres-0024-0017
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