Syringyl unit in the lignin of Ginkgo biloba leaves
Abstract To elucidate site-specific lignin in Ginkgo biloba leaves, the chemical architecture of lignin in leaf veins (LV) and petioles (LP) was analyzed by combining thioacidolysis and 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) NMR. LV and LP were separated from the leaves, and polysacchari...
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| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Journal of Wood Science |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s10086-025-02223-y |
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| author | Shori Imamura Dan Aoki Masato Yoshida Yasuyuki Matsushita Kazuhiko Fukushima |
| author_facet | Shori Imamura Dan Aoki Masato Yoshida Yasuyuki Matsushita Kazuhiko Fukushima |
| author_sort | Shori Imamura |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract To elucidate site-specific lignin in Ginkgo biloba leaves, the chemical architecture of lignin in leaf veins (LV) and petioles (LP) was analyzed by combining thioacidolysis and 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) NMR. LV and LP were separated from the leaves, and polysaccharides were enzymatically digested to give residual lignin (EL). Acetylated EL (ELAc) and milled-wood lignin (MWL) were also prepared. As a result of thioacidolysis, guaiacyl (G) units were the predominant monomers in all samples. In LV and LP samples, the p-hydroxyphenyl (H) unit (approx. 1–2%) and a syringyl (S) unit were detected. The S-unit was observed higher in LP (approx. 2%) than in LV (trace). In thioacidolysis dimeric product analyses, major G–G products and a few G–H products were yielded; additionally, LP samples contained a β-1′ dimer incorporating S-units. 2D HSQC NMR spectra agreed with these trends. LV-ELAc exhibited β-O-4′, β-5′, and β-β′ linkages with H and G aromatics, whereas LP-MWL additionally showed an S-aromatic signal. Some unidentified resonances in LV-ELAc and LP-MWL were observed but not assigned to specific molecules. The S-derived monomers and dimers in petioles suggest a site-specific lignin potentially tailored to petiole mechanics or physiology. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e605040f8bf5412caee499980da61ed4 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1611-4663 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Wood Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-e605040f8bf5412caee499980da61ed42025-08-20T03:04:15ZengSpringerOpenJournal of Wood Science1611-46632025-08-0171111010.1186/s10086-025-02223-ySyringyl unit in the lignin of Ginkgo biloba leavesShori Imamura0Dan Aoki1Masato Yoshida2Yasuyuki Matsushita3Kazuhiko Fukushima4Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya UniversityGraduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya UniversityGraduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya UniversityInstitute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyGraduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya UniversityAbstract To elucidate site-specific lignin in Ginkgo biloba leaves, the chemical architecture of lignin in leaf veins (LV) and petioles (LP) was analyzed by combining thioacidolysis and 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) NMR. LV and LP were separated from the leaves, and polysaccharides were enzymatically digested to give residual lignin (EL). Acetylated EL (ELAc) and milled-wood lignin (MWL) were also prepared. As a result of thioacidolysis, guaiacyl (G) units were the predominant monomers in all samples. In LV and LP samples, the p-hydroxyphenyl (H) unit (approx. 1–2%) and a syringyl (S) unit were detected. The S-unit was observed higher in LP (approx. 2%) than in LV (trace). In thioacidolysis dimeric product analyses, major G–G products and a few G–H products were yielded; additionally, LP samples contained a β-1′ dimer incorporating S-units. 2D HSQC NMR spectra agreed with these trends. LV-ELAc exhibited β-O-4′, β-5′, and β-β′ linkages with H and G aromatics, whereas LP-MWL additionally showed an S-aromatic signal. Some unidentified resonances in LV-ELAc and LP-MWL were observed but not assigned to specific molecules. The S-derived monomers and dimers in petioles suggest a site-specific lignin potentially tailored to petiole mechanics or physiology.https://doi.org/10.1186/s10086-025-02223-ySyringylGuaiacylp-HydroxyphenylHSQCThioacidolysisPetiole |
| spellingShingle | Shori Imamura Dan Aoki Masato Yoshida Yasuyuki Matsushita Kazuhiko Fukushima Syringyl unit in the lignin of Ginkgo biloba leaves Journal of Wood Science Syringyl Guaiacyl p-Hydroxyphenyl HSQC Thioacidolysis Petiole |
| title | Syringyl unit in the lignin of Ginkgo biloba leaves |
| title_full | Syringyl unit in the lignin of Ginkgo biloba leaves |
| title_fullStr | Syringyl unit in the lignin of Ginkgo biloba leaves |
| title_full_unstemmed | Syringyl unit in the lignin of Ginkgo biloba leaves |
| title_short | Syringyl unit in the lignin of Ginkgo biloba leaves |
| title_sort | syringyl unit in the lignin of ginkgo biloba leaves |
| topic | Syringyl Guaiacyl p-Hydroxyphenyl HSQC Thioacidolysis Petiole |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s10086-025-02223-y |
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