Tuning Transmission Properties of Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Waveguides Using Functional Dielectric Cavities

In this study, the photonic band structure, transmissivity, and electric field distribution of a two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled waveguide structure are calculated using the supercell technique and finite element method. The waveguide consists of circular <inline-formula><math xmln...

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Main Authors: Siqi Zhang, Feng Yang, Wenying Zhang, Wei Zhao, Luhe Yang, Hong Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Micromachines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/5/597
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author Siqi Zhang
Feng Yang
Wenying Zhang
Wei Zhao
Luhe Yang
Hong Li
author_facet Siqi Zhang
Feng Yang
Wenying Zhang
Wei Zhao
Luhe Yang
Hong Li
author_sort Siqi Zhang
collection DOAJ
description In this study, the photonic band structure, transmissivity, and electric field distribution of a two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled waveguide structure are calculated using the supercell technique and finite element method. The waveguide consists of circular <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>K</mi><mi>N</mi><mi>b</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and functional dielectric cylinders embedded in air. The dielectric constant of a functional medium cylinder is spatially dependent, which is realized through the electro-optic and Kerr effects. The dielectric constant function is defined as <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>ε</mi><mi>c</mi></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>r</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>=</mo><mi>k</mi><mo>·</mo><mi>r</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>b</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>⩽</mo><mi>r</mi><mo>⩽</mo><msub><mi>r</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), where the coefficient <i>k</i> and parameter <i>b</i> can be adjusted by an external electric field. By tuning <i>k</i> and <i>b</i>, the transmission characteristics of the waveguide, including the propagation direction and light field distribution, exhibit significant adjustability. Specifically, parameter <i>b</i> enhances or suppresses the transmissivity at output ports 1 and 2. By utilizing the regulatory capability of functional media on waveguide transmission characteristics, optical filters with specific filtering functions can be designed. These findings provide novel design strategies for advanced optical devices.
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publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Micromachines
spelling doaj-art-e5f8f2d824c5418bb39a25e8d1f987592025-08-20T01:56:38ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2025-05-0116559710.3390/mi16050597Tuning Transmission Properties of Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Waveguides Using Functional Dielectric CavitiesSiqi Zhang0Feng Yang1Wenying Zhang2Wei Zhao3Luhe Yang4Hong Li5Institute for Interdisciplinary Quantum Information Technology, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun 130052, ChinaInstitute for Interdisciplinary Quantum Information Technology, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun 130052, ChinaInstitute for Interdisciplinary Quantum Information Technology, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun 130052, ChinaInstitute for Interdisciplinary Quantum Information Technology, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun 130052, ChinaInstitute for Interdisciplinary Quantum Information Technology, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun 130052, ChinaJilin Engineering Laboratory for Quantum Information Technology, Changchun 130052, ChinaIn this study, the photonic band structure, transmissivity, and electric field distribution of a two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled waveguide structure are calculated using the supercell technique and finite element method. The waveguide consists of circular <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>K</mi><mi>N</mi><mi>b</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and functional dielectric cylinders embedded in air. The dielectric constant of a functional medium cylinder is spatially dependent, which is realized through the electro-optic and Kerr effects. The dielectric constant function is defined as <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>ε</mi><mi>c</mi></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>r</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>=</mo><mi>k</mi><mo>·</mo><mi>r</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>b</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>⩽</mo><mi>r</mi><mo>⩽</mo><msub><mi>r</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), where the coefficient <i>k</i> and parameter <i>b</i> can be adjusted by an external electric field. By tuning <i>k</i> and <i>b</i>, the transmission characteristics of the waveguide, including the propagation direction and light field distribution, exhibit significant adjustability. Specifically, parameter <i>b</i> enhances or suppresses the transmissivity at output ports 1 and 2. By utilizing the regulatory capability of functional media on waveguide transmission characteristics, optical filters with specific filtering functions can be designed. These findings provide novel design strategies for advanced optical devices.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/5/597two-dimensional photonic crystalsphotonic bandgapdefect modeelectric field distributiontransmissivity
spellingShingle Siqi Zhang
Feng Yang
Wenying Zhang
Wei Zhao
Luhe Yang
Hong Li
Tuning Transmission Properties of Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Waveguides Using Functional Dielectric Cavities
Micromachines
two-dimensional photonic crystals
photonic bandgap
defect mode
electric field distribution
transmissivity
title Tuning Transmission Properties of Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Waveguides Using Functional Dielectric Cavities
title_full Tuning Transmission Properties of Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Waveguides Using Functional Dielectric Cavities
title_fullStr Tuning Transmission Properties of Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Waveguides Using Functional Dielectric Cavities
title_full_unstemmed Tuning Transmission Properties of Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Waveguides Using Functional Dielectric Cavities
title_short Tuning Transmission Properties of Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Waveguides Using Functional Dielectric Cavities
title_sort tuning transmission properties of two dimensional photonic crystal waveguides using functional dielectric cavities
topic two-dimensional photonic crystals
photonic bandgap
defect mode
electric field distribution
transmissivity
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/5/597
work_keys_str_mv AT siqizhang tuningtransmissionpropertiesoftwodimensionalphotoniccrystalwaveguidesusingfunctionaldielectriccavities
AT fengyang tuningtransmissionpropertiesoftwodimensionalphotoniccrystalwaveguidesusingfunctionaldielectriccavities
AT wenyingzhang tuningtransmissionpropertiesoftwodimensionalphotoniccrystalwaveguidesusingfunctionaldielectriccavities
AT weizhao tuningtransmissionpropertiesoftwodimensionalphotoniccrystalwaveguidesusingfunctionaldielectriccavities
AT luheyang tuningtransmissionpropertiesoftwodimensionalphotoniccrystalwaveguidesusingfunctionaldielectriccavities
AT hongli tuningtransmissionpropertiesoftwodimensionalphotoniccrystalwaveguidesusingfunctionaldielectriccavities