Sex-specific effect of dietary fatty acids on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

BackgroundNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common chronic hepatic disease worldwide. Dietary fatty acid is tightly associated with the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease but few large-scale and in-depth clinical researches have focused on the issue.MethodsWe conducted a re...

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Main Authors: Jianhua Chen, Zeqin Zhang, Yuning Pan, Jiejun Shi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Nutrition
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1582527/full
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author Jianhua Chen
Zeqin Zhang
Yuning Pan
Jiejun Shi
author_facet Jianhua Chen
Zeqin Zhang
Yuning Pan
Jiejun Shi
author_sort Jianhua Chen
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common chronic hepatic disease worldwide. Dietary fatty acid is tightly associated with the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease but few large-scale and in-depth clinical researches have focused on the issue.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective case-control study based on the data from the 2017–2018 cycle of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.ResultsA total of 2,470 adult participants were included in this study. Logistic regression analysis showed that dietary fatty acids were positively associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (odds ratio and 95% confidence interval >1 and P < 0.05) except for polyunsaturated fatty acid. Subgroup analysis stratified by age stage and weight grade revealed that aforementioned association was significant only in individuals aged group 37–55 and those classified as obesity. In addition, all the fatty acid related ratios (the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids, the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid, the ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids, the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids) showed protective effects against the onset and steatosis severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in men, as evidenced by stratified logistic regression analysis (all the odds ratio [95% confidence interval] < 1 and P < 0.05) and smooth curve fittings.ConclusionThese findings suggest that dietary fatty acids modification could serve as a preventive strategy for male non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Increasing the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in the diet, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids, is promising to prevent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in middle-aged obese men.
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spelling doaj-art-e5f18ccb93e74250af8f6fcec1345b552025-08-20T03:29:35ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2025-07-011210.3389/fnut.2025.15825271582527Sex-specific effect of dietary fatty acids on non-alcoholic fatty liver diseaseJianhua Chen0Zeqin Zhang1Yuning Pan2Jiejun Shi3Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, ChinaDepartment of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, ChinaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, ChinaBackgroundNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common chronic hepatic disease worldwide. Dietary fatty acid is tightly associated with the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease but few large-scale and in-depth clinical researches have focused on the issue.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective case-control study based on the data from the 2017–2018 cycle of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.ResultsA total of 2,470 adult participants were included in this study. Logistic regression analysis showed that dietary fatty acids were positively associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (odds ratio and 95% confidence interval >1 and P < 0.05) except for polyunsaturated fatty acid. Subgroup analysis stratified by age stage and weight grade revealed that aforementioned association was significant only in individuals aged group 37–55 and those classified as obesity. In addition, all the fatty acid related ratios (the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids, the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid, the ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids, the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids) showed protective effects against the onset and steatosis severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in men, as evidenced by stratified logistic regression analysis (all the odds ratio [95% confidence interval] < 1 and P < 0.05) and smooth curve fittings.ConclusionThese findings suggest that dietary fatty acids modification could serve as a preventive strategy for male non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Increasing the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in the diet, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids, is promising to prevent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in middle-aged obese men.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1582527/fullnon-alcoholic fatty liver diseasefatty acidssteatosissexage
spellingShingle Jianhua Chen
Zeqin Zhang
Yuning Pan
Jiejun Shi
Sex-specific effect of dietary fatty acids on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Frontiers in Nutrition
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
fatty acids
steatosis
sex
age
title Sex-specific effect of dietary fatty acids on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
title_full Sex-specific effect of dietary fatty acids on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
title_fullStr Sex-specific effect of dietary fatty acids on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
title_full_unstemmed Sex-specific effect of dietary fatty acids on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
title_short Sex-specific effect of dietary fatty acids on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
title_sort sex specific effect of dietary fatty acids on non alcoholic fatty liver disease
topic non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
fatty acids
steatosis
sex
age
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1582527/full
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AT zeqinzhang sexspecificeffectofdietaryfattyacidsonnonalcoholicfattyliverdisease
AT yuningpan sexspecificeffectofdietaryfattyacidsonnonalcoholicfattyliverdisease
AT jiejunshi sexspecificeffectofdietaryfattyacidsonnonalcoholicfattyliverdisease