Trajectory of inhaled cadmium ultrafine particles in smokers
Introduction Tobacco smoking is a significant source of cadmium exposure among smokers. Most of inhaled heavy metals, including cadmium, are attached to ultrafine particles (UFPs) surface. A low inhaled UFP content in exhaled breath condensate reflects a high inflammatory status of airways. Increase...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMJ Publishing Group
2021-01-01
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| Series: | BMJ Open Respiratory Research |
| Online Access: | https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/content/8/1/e001000.full |
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| author | Einat Fireman Klein Ilan Klein Omer Ephrat Yoram Dekel Aharon Kessel Yochai Adir |
| author_facet | Einat Fireman Klein Ilan Klein Omer Ephrat Yoram Dekel Aharon Kessel Yochai Adir |
| author_sort | Einat Fireman Klein |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction Tobacco smoking is a significant source of cadmium exposure among smokers. Most of inhaled heavy metals, including cadmium, are attached to ultrafine particles (UFPs) surface. A low inhaled UFP content in exhaled breath condensate reflects a high inflammatory status of airways. Increased respiratory epithelial permeability and translocation to the circulation is the proposed mechanism. UFP recovered from smokers’ airways have high levels of cadmium compared with the airways of non-smokers.Methods Urine was collected from 22 smokers subjects and 43 non-smokers. Samples were analysed for UFP and cadmium content. UFP were measured in urine samples by means of the NanoSight LM20 system (NanoSight, UK). A Niton XL3 X-ray fluorescence spectrometer analyzer (Thermo Fischer Scientific, Germany) quantified heavy metal contents in the urine samples.Results Smokers had elevated UFP and cadmium content in urine compared with non-smokers (4.6 E8/mL and 20.6 ppm vs 3.4 E8/mL and 18.5 ppm, p=0.05 and p=0.05, respectively). Smokers had elevated levels of lead and rubidium compared with non-smokers (8.9 ppm and 27 ppm vs 7.8 ppm and 2 ppm, p=0.05 and p=0.04, respectively)Discussion We suggest that the trajectory of cadmium-related UFP in smokers begins by its inhalation into the airways. The UFPs induce inflammation and oxidative stress in the small airways, are subsequently translocated from the interstitium to the circulation and are finally detected and secreted in urine |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e5f099f82af045798b77a2cd69d52771 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2052-4439 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMJ Open Respiratory Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-e5f099f82af045798b77a2cd69d527712025-08-20T02:32:49ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open Respiratory Research2052-44392021-01-018110.1136/bmjresp-2021-001000Trajectory of inhaled cadmium ultrafine particles in smokersEinat Fireman Klein0Ilan Klein1Omer Ephrat2Yoram Dekel3Aharon Kessel4Yochai Adir5B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, IsraelB. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, IsraelB. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, IsraelB. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, IsraelB. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, IsraelB. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, IsraelIntroduction Tobacco smoking is a significant source of cadmium exposure among smokers. Most of inhaled heavy metals, including cadmium, are attached to ultrafine particles (UFPs) surface. A low inhaled UFP content in exhaled breath condensate reflects a high inflammatory status of airways. Increased respiratory epithelial permeability and translocation to the circulation is the proposed mechanism. UFP recovered from smokers’ airways have high levels of cadmium compared with the airways of non-smokers.Methods Urine was collected from 22 smokers subjects and 43 non-smokers. Samples were analysed for UFP and cadmium content. UFP were measured in urine samples by means of the NanoSight LM20 system (NanoSight, UK). A Niton XL3 X-ray fluorescence spectrometer analyzer (Thermo Fischer Scientific, Germany) quantified heavy metal contents in the urine samples.Results Smokers had elevated UFP and cadmium content in urine compared with non-smokers (4.6 E8/mL and 20.6 ppm vs 3.4 E8/mL and 18.5 ppm, p=0.05 and p=0.05, respectively). Smokers had elevated levels of lead and rubidium compared with non-smokers (8.9 ppm and 27 ppm vs 7.8 ppm and 2 ppm, p=0.05 and p=0.04, respectively)Discussion We suggest that the trajectory of cadmium-related UFP in smokers begins by its inhalation into the airways. The UFPs induce inflammation and oxidative stress in the small airways, are subsequently translocated from the interstitium to the circulation and are finally detected and secreted in urinehttps://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/content/8/1/e001000.full |
| spellingShingle | Einat Fireman Klein Ilan Klein Omer Ephrat Yoram Dekel Aharon Kessel Yochai Adir Trajectory of inhaled cadmium ultrafine particles in smokers BMJ Open Respiratory Research |
| title | Trajectory of inhaled cadmium ultrafine particles in smokers |
| title_full | Trajectory of inhaled cadmium ultrafine particles in smokers |
| title_fullStr | Trajectory of inhaled cadmium ultrafine particles in smokers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Trajectory of inhaled cadmium ultrafine particles in smokers |
| title_short | Trajectory of inhaled cadmium ultrafine particles in smokers |
| title_sort | trajectory of inhaled cadmium ultrafine particles in smokers |
| url | https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/content/8/1/e001000.full |
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