Designing a multi-epitope influenza vaccine: an immunoinformatics approach

Abstract Influenza continues to be one of the top public health problems since it creates annual epidemics and can start a worldwide pandemic. The virus’s rapid evolution allows the virus to evade the host defense, and then seasonal vaccines need to be reformulated nearly annually. However, it takes...

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Main Authors: Leila Momajadi, Hossein Khanahmad, Karim Mahnam
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2024-10-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74438-w
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author Leila Momajadi
Hossein Khanahmad
Karim Mahnam
author_facet Leila Momajadi
Hossein Khanahmad
Karim Mahnam
author_sort Leila Momajadi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Influenza continues to be one of the top public health problems since it creates annual epidemics and can start a worldwide pandemic. The virus’s rapid evolution allows the virus to evade the host defense, and then seasonal vaccines need to be reformulated nearly annually. However, it takes almost half a year for the influenza vaccine to become accessible. This delay is especially concerning in the event of a pandemic breakout. By producing the vaccine through reverse vaccinology and phage display vaccines, this time can be reduced. In this study, epitopes of B lymphocytes, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and helper T lymphocytes of HA, NA, NP, and M2 proteins from two strains of Influenza A were anticipated. We found two proper epitopes (ASFIYNGRL and LHLILWITDRLFFKC) in Influenza virus proteins for CTL and HTL cells, respectively. Optimal epitopes and linkers in silico were cloned into the N-terminal end of M13 protein III (pIII) to create a multi-epitope-pIII construct, i.e., phage display vaccine. Also, prediction of tertiary structure, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and immune simulation were performed and showed that the designed multi-epitope vaccine can bind to the receptors and stimulate the immune system response.
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spelling doaj-art-e5ef4b3df0214805bf501989900c11352025-08-20T02:11:25ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-10-0114111710.1038/s41598-024-74438-wDesigning a multi-epitope influenza vaccine: an immunoinformatics approachLeila Momajadi0Hossein Khanahmad1Karim Mahnam2Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Isfahan University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Isfahan University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord UniversityAbstract Influenza continues to be one of the top public health problems since it creates annual epidemics and can start a worldwide pandemic. The virus’s rapid evolution allows the virus to evade the host defense, and then seasonal vaccines need to be reformulated nearly annually. However, it takes almost half a year for the influenza vaccine to become accessible. This delay is especially concerning in the event of a pandemic breakout. By producing the vaccine through reverse vaccinology and phage display vaccines, this time can be reduced. In this study, epitopes of B lymphocytes, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and helper T lymphocytes of HA, NA, NP, and M2 proteins from two strains of Influenza A were anticipated. We found two proper epitopes (ASFIYNGRL and LHLILWITDRLFFKC) in Influenza virus proteins for CTL and HTL cells, respectively. Optimal epitopes and linkers in silico were cloned into the N-terminal end of M13 protein III (pIII) to create a multi-epitope-pIII construct, i.e., phage display vaccine. Also, prediction of tertiary structure, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and immune simulation were performed and showed that the designed multi-epitope vaccine can bind to the receptors and stimulate the immune system response.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74438-wInfluenzaMulti-epitopeImmunoinformaticsReverse vaccinologyPhage display vaccineMolecular dynamics simulation
spellingShingle Leila Momajadi
Hossein Khanahmad
Karim Mahnam
Designing a multi-epitope influenza vaccine: an immunoinformatics approach
Scientific Reports
Influenza
Multi-epitope
Immunoinformatics
Reverse vaccinology
Phage display vaccine
Molecular dynamics simulation
title Designing a multi-epitope influenza vaccine: an immunoinformatics approach
title_full Designing a multi-epitope influenza vaccine: an immunoinformatics approach
title_fullStr Designing a multi-epitope influenza vaccine: an immunoinformatics approach
title_full_unstemmed Designing a multi-epitope influenza vaccine: an immunoinformatics approach
title_short Designing a multi-epitope influenza vaccine: an immunoinformatics approach
title_sort designing a multi epitope influenza vaccine an immunoinformatics approach
topic Influenza
Multi-epitope
Immunoinformatics
Reverse vaccinology
Phage display vaccine
Molecular dynamics simulation
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74438-w
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AT hosseinkhanahmad designingamultiepitopeinfluenzavaccineanimmunoinformaticsapproach
AT karimmahnam designingamultiepitopeinfluenzavaccineanimmunoinformaticsapproach