Review: Implications of Air Pollution on Trees Located in Urban Areas
Air pollution in cities is intensifying, inevitably affecting all living organisms, gincluding trees. Urban trees are vital for cities because they improve air quality and regulate the climate; however, like all living organisms, they are affected by the environment to which they are exposed. In cit...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Earth |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4834/6/2/38 |
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| author | Alamilla-Martínez Diana Grecia Tenorio-Sánchez Sergio Arturo Gómez-Ramírez Marlenne |
| author_facet | Alamilla-Martínez Diana Grecia Tenorio-Sánchez Sergio Arturo Gómez-Ramírez Marlenne |
| author_sort | Alamilla-Martínez Diana Grecia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Air pollution in cities is intensifying, inevitably affecting all living organisms, gincluding trees. Urban trees are vital for cities because they improve air quality and regulate the climate; however, like all living organisms, they are affected by the environment to which they are exposed. In cities, the primary atmospheric pollutants of inorganic origin include NO, SO<sub>X</sub>, CO<sub>X</sub>, O<sub>3</sub>, and suspended particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub>). Each of these pollutants impacts population health, with urban trees undergoing a series of consequent alterations. In this study, we review the inorganic pollutants identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as impacting air quality in cities in different regions of the world; discuss the regulations that govern NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, CO, O<sub>3</sub>, and PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> emissions and their impact they have on urban trees; analyze the processes involved in pollutant–tree interactions and the related tolerance and/or resistance mechanisms; and determine the tree species with the best tolerance, classified using an air pollution tolerance index (APTI). |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e5eb84848d554b6a9a67b0b486aac572 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2673-4834 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Earth |
| spelling | doaj-art-e5eb84848d554b6a9a67b0b486aac5722025-08-20T03:27:01ZengMDPI AGEarth2673-48342025-05-01623810.3390/earth6020038Review: Implications of Air Pollution on Trees Located in Urban AreasAlamilla-Martínez Diana Grecia0Tenorio-Sánchez Sergio Arturo1Gómez-Ramírez Marlenne2Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Cerro Blanco 141, Colonia Colinas del Cimatario, Querétaro 76090, MexicoEscuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, MexicoCentro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Cerro Blanco 141, Colonia Colinas del Cimatario, Querétaro 76090, MexicoAir pollution in cities is intensifying, inevitably affecting all living organisms, gincluding trees. Urban trees are vital for cities because they improve air quality and regulate the climate; however, like all living organisms, they are affected by the environment to which they are exposed. In cities, the primary atmospheric pollutants of inorganic origin include NO, SO<sub>X</sub>, CO<sub>X</sub>, O<sub>3</sub>, and suspended particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub>). Each of these pollutants impacts population health, with urban trees undergoing a series of consequent alterations. In this study, we review the inorganic pollutants identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as impacting air quality in cities in different regions of the world; discuss the regulations that govern NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, CO, O<sub>3</sub>, and PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> emissions and their impact they have on urban trees; analyze the processes involved in pollutant–tree interactions and the related tolerance and/or resistance mechanisms; and determine the tree species with the best tolerance, classified using an air pollution tolerance index (APTI).https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4834/6/2/38urban treesurban air pollutionparticulate matterair qualityAPTI |
| spellingShingle | Alamilla-Martínez Diana Grecia Tenorio-Sánchez Sergio Arturo Gómez-Ramírez Marlenne Review: Implications of Air Pollution on Trees Located in Urban Areas Earth urban trees urban air pollution particulate matter air quality APTI |
| title | Review: Implications of Air Pollution on Trees Located in Urban Areas |
| title_full | Review: Implications of Air Pollution on Trees Located in Urban Areas |
| title_fullStr | Review: Implications of Air Pollution on Trees Located in Urban Areas |
| title_full_unstemmed | Review: Implications of Air Pollution on Trees Located in Urban Areas |
| title_short | Review: Implications of Air Pollution on Trees Located in Urban Areas |
| title_sort | review implications of air pollution on trees located in urban areas |
| topic | urban trees urban air pollution particulate matter air quality APTI |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4834/6/2/38 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT alamillamartinezdianagrecia reviewimplicationsofairpollutionontreeslocatedinurbanareas AT tenoriosanchezsergioarturo reviewimplicationsofairpollutionontreeslocatedinurbanareas AT gomezramirezmarlenne reviewimplicationsofairpollutionontreeslocatedinurbanareas |