CT angiographic evaluation of perforators in the lower limb and their reconstructive implication

Background: The perforator flaps evolved on the knowledge of the vascular tree from the main vascular trunk up to the subdermal plexus. Therefore, we thought that it′s necessary to map the whole vascular arcade by CT angiography. The aim of this study is to evaluate the perforators and the whole vas...

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Main Authors: Visweswar Bhattacharya, Neeraj K. Agrawal, Gurab R. Chaudhary, Srivastava Arvind, Siddharth Bhattacharya
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd. 2012-09-01
Series:Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery
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Online Access:http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.4103/0970-0358.105959
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author Visweswar Bhattacharya
Neeraj K. Agrawal
Gurab R. Chaudhary
Srivastava Arvind
Siddharth Bhattacharya
author_facet Visweswar Bhattacharya
Neeraj K. Agrawal
Gurab R. Chaudhary
Srivastava Arvind
Siddharth Bhattacharya
author_sort Visweswar Bhattacharya
collection DOAJ
description Background: The perforator flaps evolved on the knowledge of the vascular tree from the main vascular trunk up to the subdermal plexus. Therefore, we thought that it′s necessary to map the whole vascular arcade by CT angiography. The aim of this study is to evaluate the perforators and the whole vascular tree of the lower limb by peripheral CT angiography with 3D reconstruction and intraoperative evaluation. This study helps in designing flaps of different constituents based on the selected perforators. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients having lower limb defects were selected. CT angiography was done using a non-ionic iodinated contrast media injected through the antecubital vein. The lower limbs were imaged using volume rendering CT scan machine. Three dimensional reconstructions were made. The whole arterial tree, along with the perforators, were mapped. Findings of the audio-Doppler were correlated with the CT angiographic observations. Further these evaluations were confirmed by intraoperative findings. Results: The three dimensional CT angiographic reconstruction with bone and soft tissue provided advanced knowledge of this vascular network. It delineated the main vessel, the perforators, their caliber, distance from fixed bony landmarks and course up to the subdermal plexus. These findings were confirmed during dissection of the proposed flap. The perforators were mainly musculocutaneous in the proximal leg and septocutaneous distally. Conclusions: The vascular details visualized by this technique made advancement over the existing methods namely color Doppler, audio Doppler, two dimensional angiography etc. It improved the understanding of perforator flaps and their successful clinical application.
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spelling doaj-art-e5e5a48c72b5417591c7fb5f90b116772025-08-20T03:25:02ZengThieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery0970-03581998-376X2012-09-01450349449710.4103/0970-0358.105959CT angiographic evaluation of perforators in the lower limb and their reconstructive implicationVisweswar Bhattacharya0Neeraj K. Agrawal1Gurab R. Chaudhary2Srivastava Arvind3Siddharth Bhattacharya4Department of Plastic Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Plastic Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Plastic Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Radiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of General Surgery, IPGME and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, IndiaBackground: The perforator flaps evolved on the knowledge of the vascular tree from the main vascular trunk up to the subdermal plexus. Therefore, we thought that it′s necessary to map the whole vascular arcade by CT angiography. The aim of this study is to evaluate the perforators and the whole vascular tree of the lower limb by peripheral CT angiography with 3D reconstruction and intraoperative evaluation. This study helps in designing flaps of different constituents based on the selected perforators. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients having lower limb defects were selected. CT angiography was done using a non-ionic iodinated contrast media injected through the antecubital vein. The lower limbs were imaged using volume rendering CT scan machine. Three dimensional reconstructions were made. The whole arterial tree, along with the perforators, were mapped. Findings of the audio-Doppler were correlated with the CT angiographic observations. Further these evaluations were confirmed by intraoperative findings. Results: The three dimensional CT angiographic reconstruction with bone and soft tissue provided advanced knowledge of this vascular network. It delineated the main vessel, the perforators, their caliber, distance from fixed bony landmarks and course up to the subdermal plexus. These findings were confirmed during dissection of the proposed flap. The perforators were mainly musculocutaneous in the proximal leg and septocutaneous distally. Conclusions: The vascular details visualized by this technique made advancement over the existing methods namely color Doppler, audio Doppler, two dimensional angiography etc. It improved the understanding of perforator flaps and their successful clinical application.http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.4103/0970-0358.105959ct angiographylower limbperforatorreconstruction
spellingShingle Visweswar Bhattacharya
Neeraj K. Agrawal
Gurab R. Chaudhary
Srivastava Arvind
Siddharth Bhattacharya
CT angiographic evaluation of perforators in the lower limb and their reconstructive implication
Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery
ct angiography
lower limb
perforator
reconstruction
title CT angiographic evaluation of perforators in the lower limb and their reconstructive implication
title_full CT angiographic evaluation of perforators in the lower limb and their reconstructive implication
title_fullStr CT angiographic evaluation of perforators in the lower limb and their reconstructive implication
title_full_unstemmed CT angiographic evaluation of perforators in the lower limb and their reconstructive implication
title_short CT angiographic evaluation of perforators in the lower limb and their reconstructive implication
title_sort ct angiographic evaluation of perforators in the lower limb and their reconstructive implication
topic ct angiography
lower limb
perforator
reconstruction
url http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.4103/0970-0358.105959
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