Automatic eddy detection in Antarctic marginal ice zone using Sentinel-1 SAR data

Studying oceanic eddies in the Antarctic marginal ice zone (MIZ) is essential due to their unique characteristics and their significant influence on polar climate systems. However, the automated detection of such features remains largely underexplored in general. Moreover, even manual eddy detection...

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Main Authors: Nikita Sandalyuk, Eduard Khachatrian, Ekaterina Marchuk
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Marine Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2025.1648021/full
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author Nikita Sandalyuk
Eduard Khachatrian
Ekaterina Marchuk
author_facet Nikita Sandalyuk
Eduard Khachatrian
Ekaterina Marchuk
author_sort Nikita Sandalyuk
collection DOAJ
description Studying oceanic eddies in the Antarctic marginal ice zone (MIZ) is essential due to their unique characteristics and their significant influence on polar climate systems. However, the automated detection of such features remains largely underexplored in general. Moreover, even manual eddy detection has been practically neglected within the Antarctic MIZ specifically. This work presents the first study on the implementation of the machine learning approach for automatic eddy identification in the Antarctic MIZ. We investigate the potential of YOLOv11, a state-of-theart deep learning model, to detect and classify Antarctic eddies using high-resolution synthetic aperture radar imagery. By fine-tuning YOLOv11 on a specialized dataset representing the dynamic Antarctic MIZ, we achieved robust detection of submesoscale and mesoscale eddies. Special significance was placed on distinguishing between cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies, providing essential insights for compiling statistical datasets. Moreover, YOLOv11 architecture was evaluated through a variety of quantitative metrics and visual inspection. The integration of SAHI module with YOLOv11 demonstrated its capability to improve detection of small eddies and increased the mAP0.5 -0.95 by 50% in comparison with the baseline YOLOv11 model.Experimental results highlight the model’s capability to reliably identify eddies across diverse scales and environmental conditions. Overall, this study addresses a significant gap in Antarctic eddy research and sets the stage for advancing automated oceanographic studies in polar regions.
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spelling doaj-art-e5e35f83f6ec45cf935d5c40b2b8fdf32025-08-21T09:12:22ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452025-08-011210.3389/fmars.2025.16480211648021Automatic eddy detection in Antarctic marginal ice zone using Sentinel-1 SAR dataNikita Sandalyuk0Eduard Khachatrian1Ekaterina Marchuk2Laboratory of Arctic Oceanography, The Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Physics and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, NorwayAtmosphere-Ocean Interaction Laboratory, Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Moscow, RussiaStudying oceanic eddies in the Antarctic marginal ice zone (MIZ) is essential due to their unique characteristics and their significant influence on polar climate systems. However, the automated detection of such features remains largely underexplored in general. Moreover, even manual eddy detection has been practically neglected within the Antarctic MIZ specifically. This work presents the first study on the implementation of the machine learning approach for automatic eddy identification in the Antarctic MIZ. We investigate the potential of YOLOv11, a state-of-theart deep learning model, to detect and classify Antarctic eddies using high-resolution synthetic aperture radar imagery. By fine-tuning YOLOv11 on a specialized dataset representing the dynamic Antarctic MIZ, we achieved robust detection of submesoscale and mesoscale eddies. Special significance was placed on distinguishing between cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies, providing essential insights for compiling statistical datasets. Moreover, YOLOv11 architecture was evaluated through a variety of quantitative metrics and visual inspection. The integration of SAHI module with YOLOv11 demonstrated its capability to improve detection of small eddies and increased the mAP0.5 -0.95 by 50% in comparison with the baseline YOLOv11 model.Experimental results highlight the model’s capability to reliably identify eddies across diverse scales and environmental conditions. Overall, this study addresses a significant gap in Antarctic eddy research and sets the stage for advancing automated oceanographic studies in polar regions.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2025.1648021/fullmesoscale eddiessubmesoscale eddieseddy detectionmarginal ice zonedeep learningYOLOv11
spellingShingle Nikita Sandalyuk
Eduard Khachatrian
Ekaterina Marchuk
Automatic eddy detection in Antarctic marginal ice zone using Sentinel-1 SAR data
Frontiers in Marine Science
mesoscale eddies
submesoscale eddies
eddy detection
marginal ice zone
deep learning
YOLOv11
title Automatic eddy detection in Antarctic marginal ice zone using Sentinel-1 SAR data
title_full Automatic eddy detection in Antarctic marginal ice zone using Sentinel-1 SAR data
title_fullStr Automatic eddy detection in Antarctic marginal ice zone using Sentinel-1 SAR data
title_full_unstemmed Automatic eddy detection in Antarctic marginal ice zone using Sentinel-1 SAR data
title_short Automatic eddy detection in Antarctic marginal ice zone using Sentinel-1 SAR data
title_sort automatic eddy detection in antarctic marginal ice zone using sentinel 1 sar data
topic mesoscale eddies
submesoscale eddies
eddy detection
marginal ice zone
deep learning
YOLOv11
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2025.1648021/full
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AT eduardkhachatrian automaticeddydetectioninantarcticmarginalicezoneusingsentinel1sardata
AT ekaterinamarchuk automaticeddydetectioninantarcticmarginalicezoneusingsentinel1sardata