Development of Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (MIR) Diagnostic Model for Udder Health Status of Dairy Cattle

The somatic cell count (SCC) and differential somatic cell count (DSCC) are proxies for the udder health of dairy cattle, regarded as the criterion of mastitis identification with healthy, suspicious mastitis, mastitis, and chronic/persistent mastitis. However, SCC and DSCC are tested using flow cyt...

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Main Authors: Xiaoli Ren, Chu Chu, Xiangnan Bao, Lei Yan, Xueli Bai, Haibo Lu, Changlei Liu, Zhen Zhang, Shujun Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Animals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/15/2242
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author Xiaoli Ren
Chu Chu
Xiangnan Bao
Lei Yan
Xueli Bai
Haibo Lu
Changlei Liu
Zhen Zhang
Shujun Zhang
author_facet Xiaoli Ren
Chu Chu
Xiangnan Bao
Lei Yan
Xueli Bai
Haibo Lu
Changlei Liu
Zhen Zhang
Shujun Zhang
author_sort Xiaoli Ren
collection DOAJ
description The somatic cell count (SCC) and differential somatic cell count (DSCC) are proxies for the udder health of dairy cattle, regarded as the criterion of mastitis identification with healthy, suspicious mastitis, mastitis, and chronic/persistent mastitis. However, SCC and DSCC are tested using flow cytometry, which is expensive and time-consuming, particularly for DSCC analysis. Mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIR) enables qualitative and quantitative analysis of milk constituents with great advantages, being cheap, non-destructive, fast, and high-throughput. The objective of this study is to develop a dairy cattle udder health status diagnostic model of MIR. Data on milk composition, SCC, DSCC, and MIR from 2288 milk samples collected in dairy farms were analyzed using the CombiFoss 7 DC instrument (FOSS, Hilleroed, Denmark). Three MIR spectral preprocessing methods, six modeling algorithms, and three different sets of MIR spectral data were employed in various combinations to develop several diagnostic models for mastitis of dairy cattle. The MIR diagnostic model of effectively identifying the healthy and mastitis cattle was developed using a spectral preprocessing method of difference (DIFF), a modeling algorithm of Random Forest (RF), and 1060 wavenumbers, abbreviated as “DIFF-RF-1060 wavenumbers”, and the AUC reached 1.00 in the training set and 0.80 in the test set. The other MIR diagnostic model of effectively distinguishing mastitis and chronic/persistent mastitis cows was “DIFF-SVM-274 wavenumbers”, with an AUC of 0.87 in the training set and 0.85 in the test set. For more effective use of the model on dairy farms, it is necessary and worthwhile to gather more representative and diverse samples to improve the diagnostic precision and versatility of these models.
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spelling doaj-art-e5dcfc735d554335a429e8b4de2a030c2025-08-20T03:02:48ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152025-07-011515224210.3390/ani15152242Development of Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (MIR) Diagnostic Model for Udder Health Status of Dairy CattleXiaoli Ren0Chu Chu1Xiangnan Bao2Lei Yan3Xueli Bai4Haibo Lu5Changlei Liu6Zhen Zhang7Shujun Zhang8Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaKey Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaKey Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaHenan Provincial International Joint Laboratory for Dairy Health Farming, Henan Dairy Herd Improvement Center, Zhengzhou 450046, ChinaHenan Provincial International Joint Laboratory for Dairy Health Farming, Henan Dairy Herd Improvement Center, Zhengzhou 450046, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaHenan Dairy Herd Improvement Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450046, ChinaHenan Provincial International Joint Laboratory for Dairy Health Farming, Henan Dairy Herd Improvement Center, Zhengzhou 450046, ChinaKey Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaThe somatic cell count (SCC) and differential somatic cell count (DSCC) are proxies for the udder health of dairy cattle, regarded as the criterion of mastitis identification with healthy, suspicious mastitis, mastitis, and chronic/persistent mastitis. However, SCC and DSCC are tested using flow cytometry, which is expensive and time-consuming, particularly for DSCC analysis. Mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIR) enables qualitative and quantitative analysis of milk constituents with great advantages, being cheap, non-destructive, fast, and high-throughput. The objective of this study is to develop a dairy cattle udder health status diagnostic model of MIR. Data on milk composition, SCC, DSCC, and MIR from 2288 milk samples collected in dairy farms were analyzed using the CombiFoss 7 DC instrument (FOSS, Hilleroed, Denmark). Three MIR spectral preprocessing methods, six modeling algorithms, and three different sets of MIR spectral data were employed in various combinations to develop several diagnostic models for mastitis of dairy cattle. The MIR diagnostic model of effectively identifying the healthy and mastitis cattle was developed using a spectral preprocessing method of difference (DIFF), a modeling algorithm of Random Forest (RF), and 1060 wavenumbers, abbreviated as “DIFF-RF-1060 wavenumbers”, and the AUC reached 1.00 in the training set and 0.80 in the test set. The other MIR diagnostic model of effectively distinguishing mastitis and chronic/persistent mastitis cows was “DIFF-SVM-274 wavenumbers”, with an AUC of 0.87 in the training set and 0.85 in the test set. For more effective use of the model on dairy farms, it is necessary and worthwhile to gather more representative and diverse samples to improve the diagnostic precision and versatility of these models.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/15/2242somatic cell countdifferential somatic cell countmid-infrared spectroscopydairy cattle
spellingShingle Xiaoli Ren
Chu Chu
Xiangnan Bao
Lei Yan
Xueli Bai
Haibo Lu
Changlei Liu
Zhen Zhang
Shujun Zhang
Development of Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (MIR) Diagnostic Model for Udder Health Status of Dairy Cattle
Animals
somatic cell count
differential somatic cell count
mid-infrared spectroscopy
dairy cattle
title Development of Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (MIR) Diagnostic Model for Udder Health Status of Dairy Cattle
title_full Development of Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (MIR) Diagnostic Model for Udder Health Status of Dairy Cattle
title_fullStr Development of Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (MIR) Diagnostic Model for Udder Health Status of Dairy Cattle
title_full_unstemmed Development of Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (MIR) Diagnostic Model for Udder Health Status of Dairy Cattle
title_short Development of Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (MIR) Diagnostic Model for Udder Health Status of Dairy Cattle
title_sort development of mid infrared spectroscopy mir diagnostic model for udder health status of dairy cattle
topic somatic cell count
differential somatic cell count
mid-infrared spectroscopy
dairy cattle
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/15/2242
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