Electrolytic Plasma Nitriding of Medium-Carbon Steel 45 for Performance Enhancement

This article analyzes the effect of electrolytic plasma nitriding on the performance of medium-carbon steel 45 under increased mechanical loads and in aggressive environments. Nitrided samples in carbamide electrolytes, both with and without the addition of ammonium nitrate, were compared to the ini...

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Main Authors: Zarina Satbayeva, Almasbek Maulit, Nurlybek Ispulov, Daryn Baizhan, Bauyrzhan Rakhadilov, Rinat Kusainov
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Crystals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/14/10/895
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author Zarina Satbayeva
Almasbek Maulit
Nurlybek Ispulov
Daryn Baizhan
Bauyrzhan Rakhadilov
Rinat Kusainov
author_facet Zarina Satbayeva
Almasbek Maulit
Nurlybek Ispulov
Daryn Baizhan
Bauyrzhan Rakhadilov
Rinat Kusainov
author_sort Zarina Satbayeva
collection DOAJ
description This article analyzes the effect of electrolytic plasma nitriding on the performance of medium-carbon steel 45 under increased mechanical loads and in aggressive environments. Nitrided samples in carbamide electrolytes, both with and without the addition of ammonium nitrate, were compared to the initial material. SEM with EDX and XRD analysis was used to examine the microstructure and phase composition of nitrided samples. Wear resistance was studied using the ‘ball-on-disk’ method and Vickers microhardness testing, while corrosion resistance was studied using potentiodynamic polarization curves. The study results show that the sample without ammonium nitrate demonstrated better mechanical and corrosion properties due to a more homogeneous and denser nitride layer, approximately 10 µm thick, containing phases FeN and Fe<sub>4</sub>N. Its wear resistance doubled compared to that of the initial sample. The sample treated in an electrolyte with the addition of ammonium nitrate demonstrated a higher current density (2.8672 × 10<sup>−5</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup>) and a lower corrosion potential (−0.565 V) compared to the initial sample (i_corr = 1.8971 × 10⁻<sup>5</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup>, E_corr = −0.480 V) and the sample without ammonium nitrate (i_corr = 1.7315 × 10<sup>−5</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup>, E_corr = −0.376 V). This is due to the formation of an uneven nitride layer and the presence of microcracks on the surface.
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spelling doaj-art-e5d42dc78bff4bd0a5eb14b324fd795e2025-08-20T02:11:09ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522024-10-01141089510.3390/cryst14100895Electrolytic Plasma Nitriding of Medium-Carbon Steel 45 for Performance EnhancementZarina Satbayeva0Almasbek Maulit1Nurlybek Ispulov2Daryn Baizhan3Bauyrzhan Rakhadilov4Rinat Kusainov5“PlasmaScience” LLP, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070018, Kazakhstan“PlasmaScience” LLP, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070018, KazakhstanComputer Science Faculty, Toraighyrov University, Pavlodar 140008, KazakhstanResearch Center “Surface Engineering and Tribology”, Sarsen Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070000, Kazakhstan“PlasmaScience” LLP, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070018, KazakhstanResearch School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Shakarim University, Semey 071412, KazakhstanThis article analyzes the effect of electrolytic plasma nitriding on the performance of medium-carbon steel 45 under increased mechanical loads and in aggressive environments. Nitrided samples in carbamide electrolytes, both with and without the addition of ammonium nitrate, were compared to the initial material. SEM with EDX and XRD analysis was used to examine the microstructure and phase composition of nitrided samples. Wear resistance was studied using the ‘ball-on-disk’ method and Vickers microhardness testing, while corrosion resistance was studied using potentiodynamic polarization curves. The study results show that the sample without ammonium nitrate demonstrated better mechanical and corrosion properties due to a more homogeneous and denser nitride layer, approximately 10 µm thick, containing phases FeN and Fe<sub>4</sub>N. Its wear resistance doubled compared to that of the initial sample. The sample treated in an electrolyte with the addition of ammonium nitrate demonstrated a higher current density (2.8672 × 10<sup>−5</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup>) and a lower corrosion potential (−0.565 V) compared to the initial sample (i_corr = 1.8971 × 10⁻<sup>5</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup>, E_corr = −0.480 V) and the sample without ammonium nitrate (i_corr = 1.7315 × 10<sup>−5</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup>, E_corr = −0.376 V). This is due to the formation of an uneven nitride layer and the presence of microcracks on the surface.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/14/10/895electrolytic plasma nitridingnitride layeraqueous electrolytewear resistancediffusion saturationsurface modification
spellingShingle Zarina Satbayeva
Almasbek Maulit
Nurlybek Ispulov
Daryn Baizhan
Bauyrzhan Rakhadilov
Rinat Kusainov
Electrolytic Plasma Nitriding of Medium-Carbon Steel 45 for Performance Enhancement
Crystals
electrolytic plasma nitriding
nitride layer
aqueous electrolyte
wear resistance
diffusion saturation
surface modification
title Electrolytic Plasma Nitriding of Medium-Carbon Steel 45 for Performance Enhancement
title_full Electrolytic Plasma Nitriding of Medium-Carbon Steel 45 for Performance Enhancement
title_fullStr Electrolytic Plasma Nitriding of Medium-Carbon Steel 45 for Performance Enhancement
title_full_unstemmed Electrolytic Plasma Nitriding of Medium-Carbon Steel 45 for Performance Enhancement
title_short Electrolytic Plasma Nitriding of Medium-Carbon Steel 45 for Performance Enhancement
title_sort electrolytic plasma nitriding of medium carbon steel 45 for performance enhancement
topic electrolytic plasma nitriding
nitride layer
aqueous electrolyte
wear resistance
diffusion saturation
surface modification
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/14/10/895
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