The Nonlinear Effects of Environmental Regulation on Ecological Efficiency of Animal Husbandry—Case Study of China

Developed countries with animal husbandry are confronted with the pressing issues of ensuring stable livestock product supplies while maintaining ecological sustainability. Additional research is required to ascertain whether environmental regulation can effectively facilitate the green transformati...

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Main Authors: Liyuan Shang, Jinhui Ning, Gaofei Yin, Wenchao Li, Juanjuan Wu, Cha Cui, Ruimei Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Animals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/8/1167
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author Liyuan Shang
Jinhui Ning
Gaofei Yin
Wenchao Li
Juanjuan Wu
Cha Cui
Ruimei Wang
author_facet Liyuan Shang
Jinhui Ning
Gaofei Yin
Wenchao Li
Juanjuan Wu
Cha Cui
Ruimei Wang
author_sort Liyuan Shang
collection DOAJ
description Developed countries with animal husbandry are confronted with the pressing issues of ensuring stable livestock product supplies while maintaining ecological sustainability. Additional research is required to ascertain whether environmental regulation can effectively facilitate the green transformation of animal husbandry and establish a harmonious equilibrium between environmental protection and economic growth. It is essential for the empirical development of environmental policies in animal husbandry, as it evaluates the impact of regulatory measures on this sector’s ecological efficiency and precisely investigates the underlying mechanisms of these effects. This paper evaluates the nonlinear impact of environmental regulation policies on the ecological efficiency of animal husbandry using the super-efficiency EBM model, spatial Durbin model, and panel threshold model, which are based on panel data from 31 Chinese provinces (2010–2022). The findings indicated that: (1) The ecological efficiency and environmental regulation intensity of animal husbandry in China exhibited a fluctuating upward trend. The environmental regulation is ranked from high to low in the following order: Northeast, West, Central, and Eastern regions. Conversely, the regions with high ecological efficiency are concentrated in the Northeast and Western regions. (2) The impacts of environmental regulation on the ecological efficiency of animal husbandry were N-type nonlinear, with the extreme points being 6.322 and 9.456. Environmental regulation also produced an “inverted N” type spatial spillover effect on the ecological efficiency of animal husbandry in adjacent areas, with extreme values of 5.330 and 7.670. (3) Environmental regulation considerably enhanced the ecological efficiency of animal husbandry in the Eastern and Central regions in terms of location characteristics. The influence on the Western and Northeastern regions exhibited N-type nonlinear characteristics. (4) From 2017 to 2022, ER had an N-type nonlinear effect on animal husbandry ecological efficiency in terms of temporal heterogeneity. However, the effect was not significant from 2010 to 2016.
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spelling doaj-art-e5d40c6a4e2c423aa7a92d9531bd8c542025-08-20T02:17:21ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152025-04-01158116710.3390/ani15081167The Nonlinear Effects of Environmental Regulation on Ecological Efficiency of Animal Husbandry—Case Study of ChinaLiyuan Shang0Jinhui Ning1Gaofei Yin2Wenchao Li3Juanjuan Wu4Cha Cui5Ruimei Wang6College of Economics and Management, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, ChinaCollege of Economics and Management, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Province Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-Environment, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Province Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-Environment, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, ChinaCollege of Economics and Management, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, ChinaCollege of Economics and Management, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, ChinaCollege of Economics and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, ChinaDeveloped countries with animal husbandry are confronted with the pressing issues of ensuring stable livestock product supplies while maintaining ecological sustainability. Additional research is required to ascertain whether environmental regulation can effectively facilitate the green transformation of animal husbandry and establish a harmonious equilibrium between environmental protection and economic growth. It is essential for the empirical development of environmental policies in animal husbandry, as it evaluates the impact of regulatory measures on this sector’s ecological efficiency and precisely investigates the underlying mechanisms of these effects. This paper evaluates the nonlinear impact of environmental regulation policies on the ecological efficiency of animal husbandry using the super-efficiency EBM model, spatial Durbin model, and panel threshold model, which are based on panel data from 31 Chinese provinces (2010–2022). The findings indicated that: (1) The ecological efficiency and environmental regulation intensity of animal husbandry in China exhibited a fluctuating upward trend. The environmental regulation is ranked from high to low in the following order: Northeast, West, Central, and Eastern regions. Conversely, the regions with high ecological efficiency are concentrated in the Northeast and Western regions. (2) The impacts of environmental regulation on the ecological efficiency of animal husbandry were N-type nonlinear, with the extreme points being 6.322 and 9.456. Environmental regulation also produced an “inverted N” type spatial spillover effect on the ecological efficiency of animal husbandry in adjacent areas, with extreme values of 5.330 and 7.670. (3) Environmental regulation considerably enhanced the ecological efficiency of animal husbandry in the Eastern and Central regions in terms of location characteristics. The influence on the Western and Northeastern regions exhibited N-type nonlinear characteristics. (4) From 2017 to 2022, ER had an N-type nonlinear effect on animal husbandry ecological efficiency in terms of temporal heterogeneity. However, the effect was not significant from 2010 to 2016.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/8/1167environmental regulationecological efficiencyspace overflownonlinear effectsregional heterogeneity
spellingShingle Liyuan Shang
Jinhui Ning
Gaofei Yin
Wenchao Li
Juanjuan Wu
Cha Cui
Ruimei Wang
The Nonlinear Effects of Environmental Regulation on Ecological Efficiency of Animal Husbandry—Case Study of China
Animals
environmental regulation
ecological efficiency
space overflow
nonlinear effects
regional heterogeneity
title The Nonlinear Effects of Environmental Regulation on Ecological Efficiency of Animal Husbandry—Case Study of China
title_full The Nonlinear Effects of Environmental Regulation on Ecological Efficiency of Animal Husbandry—Case Study of China
title_fullStr The Nonlinear Effects of Environmental Regulation on Ecological Efficiency of Animal Husbandry—Case Study of China
title_full_unstemmed The Nonlinear Effects of Environmental Regulation on Ecological Efficiency of Animal Husbandry—Case Study of China
title_short The Nonlinear Effects of Environmental Regulation on Ecological Efficiency of Animal Husbandry—Case Study of China
title_sort nonlinear effects of environmental regulation on ecological efficiency of animal husbandry case study of china
topic environmental regulation
ecological efficiency
space overflow
nonlinear effects
regional heterogeneity
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/8/1167
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