Association between serum chloride and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the general U.S. adult population: evidence from NHANES 2011–2018
Abstract Aim Numerous studies have revealed the decisive role of serum chloride in the outcome of specific patients. However, the potential role of serum chloride in general populations has been rarely investigated. This study aims to assess the association of serum chloride with MetS risk in the ge...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2025-03-01
|
| Series: | BMC Endocrine Disorders |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-025-01847-x |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850023345950556160 |
|---|---|
| author | Lun Zhang Hongpeng Liu Xiaoling Lv Jianmei Zhou Rongfang Zhou Wenming Xing Qing Wu |
| author_facet | Lun Zhang Hongpeng Liu Xiaoling Lv Jianmei Zhou Rongfang Zhou Wenming Xing Qing Wu |
| author_sort | Lun Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Aim Numerous studies have revealed the decisive role of serum chloride in the outcome of specific patients. However, the potential role of serum chloride in general populations has been rarely investigated. This study aims to assess the association of serum chloride with MetS risk in the general population. Methods A total of 13,290 adult participants were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2018. The association between serum chloride and MetS was investigated using weighted logistic regression analyses. The weighted restricted cubic spline (RCS) was constructed based on the fully adjusted model to explore its dose-response relationship. Further stratified analyses were also conducted. All data and analyses were conducted using the “Survey” package in R software (Version 4.4.1). Results The average age of this population was 48.20 ± 0.35, the average BMI was 29.42 ± 0.12 kg/m2, included 48.54% males, and the weighted prevalence of MetS was 37.83%. After adjusting full covariates, serum chloride was negatively associated with MetS risk in overweight or obese participants who did not smoke or heavy drink. Meanwhile, serum chloride was significantly inversely correlated with the raised fast glucose (FG), total cholesterol (TG) and blood pressure (BP), and positively related with the reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Consistent results were observed in the RCS analysis. Conclusion This study suggested a potential inverse relationship between serum chloride levels and MetS risk. Understanding this link may offer fresh perspectives on preventing and treating MetS, presenting new therapeutic targets and strategies for public health improvement. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e5cb0059d96548ef8884e995543cd24c |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1472-6823 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Endocrine Disorders |
| spelling | doaj-art-e5cb0059d96548ef8884e995543cd24c2025-08-20T03:01:23ZengBMCBMC Endocrine Disorders1472-68232025-03-0125111210.1186/s12902-025-01847-xAssociation between serum chloride and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the general U.S. adult population: evidence from NHANES 2011–2018Lun Zhang0Hongpeng Liu1Xiaoling Lv2Jianmei Zhou3Rongfang Zhou4Wenming Xing5Qing Wu6Nutrition Department, Zhejiang HospitalNutrition Department, Zhejiang HospitalZhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Zhejiang HospitalGeneral Medicine Department, Zhejiang HospitalGeneral Medicine Department, Zhejiang HospitalZhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Zhejiang HospitalZhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Zhejiang HospitalAbstract Aim Numerous studies have revealed the decisive role of serum chloride in the outcome of specific patients. However, the potential role of serum chloride in general populations has been rarely investigated. This study aims to assess the association of serum chloride with MetS risk in the general population. Methods A total of 13,290 adult participants were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2018. The association between serum chloride and MetS was investigated using weighted logistic regression analyses. The weighted restricted cubic spline (RCS) was constructed based on the fully adjusted model to explore its dose-response relationship. Further stratified analyses were also conducted. All data and analyses were conducted using the “Survey” package in R software (Version 4.4.1). Results The average age of this population was 48.20 ± 0.35, the average BMI was 29.42 ± 0.12 kg/m2, included 48.54% males, and the weighted prevalence of MetS was 37.83%. After adjusting full covariates, serum chloride was negatively associated with MetS risk in overweight or obese participants who did not smoke or heavy drink. Meanwhile, serum chloride was significantly inversely correlated with the raised fast glucose (FG), total cholesterol (TG) and blood pressure (BP), and positively related with the reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Consistent results were observed in the RCS analysis. Conclusion This study suggested a potential inverse relationship between serum chloride levels and MetS risk. Understanding this link may offer fresh perspectives on preventing and treating MetS, presenting new therapeutic targets and strategies for public health improvement.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-025-01847-xMetabolic syndromeSerum chlorideNHANESCross-sectional study |
| spellingShingle | Lun Zhang Hongpeng Liu Xiaoling Lv Jianmei Zhou Rongfang Zhou Wenming Xing Qing Wu Association between serum chloride and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the general U.S. adult population: evidence from NHANES 2011–2018 BMC Endocrine Disorders Metabolic syndrome Serum chloride NHANES Cross-sectional study |
| title | Association between serum chloride and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the general U.S. adult population: evidence from NHANES 2011–2018 |
| title_full | Association between serum chloride and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the general U.S. adult population: evidence from NHANES 2011–2018 |
| title_fullStr | Association between serum chloride and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the general U.S. adult population: evidence from NHANES 2011–2018 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association between serum chloride and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the general U.S. adult population: evidence from NHANES 2011–2018 |
| title_short | Association between serum chloride and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the general U.S. adult population: evidence from NHANES 2011–2018 |
| title_sort | association between serum chloride and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the general u s adult population evidence from nhanes 2011 2018 |
| topic | Metabolic syndrome Serum chloride NHANES Cross-sectional study |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-025-01847-x |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lunzhang associationbetweenserumchlorideandprevalenceofmetabolicsyndromeinthegeneralusadultpopulationevidencefromnhanes20112018 AT hongpengliu associationbetweenserumchlorideandprevalenceofmetabolicsyndromeinthegeneralusadultpopulationevidencefromnhanes20112018 AT xiaolinglv associationbetweenserumchlorideandprevalenceofmetabolicsyndromeinthegeneralusadultpopulationevidencefromnhanes20112018 AT jianmeizhou associationbetweenserumchlorideandprevalenceofmetabolicsyndromeinthegeneralusadultpopulationevidencefromnhanes20112018 AT rongfangzhou associationbetweenserumchlorideandprevalenceofmetabolicsyndromeinthegeneralusadultpopulationevidencefromnhanes20112018 AT wenmingxing associationbetweenserumchlorideandprevalenceofmetabolicsyndromeinthegeneralusadultpopulationevidencefromnhanes20112018 AT qingwu associationbetweenserumchlorideandprevalenceofmetabolicsyndromeinthegeneralusadultpopulationevidencefromnhanes20112018 |