Experiences in Formulating Insect-Based Feeds: Selected Physicochemical Properties of Dog Food Containing Yellow Mealworm Meal

Yellow mealworm (<i>Tenebrio molitor</i>) meal is a promising sustainable protein for pet food, yet its effect on nutrient balance and granule texture is incompletely defined. Five dry dog food formulas containing 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, and 45% of <i>T. molitor</i> meal were ext...

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Main Authors: Remigiusz Gałęcki, Bartosz Pszczółkowski, Łukasz Zielonka
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Animals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/14/2087
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author Remigiusz Gałęcki
Bartosz Pszczółkowski
Łukasz Zielonka
author_facet Remigiusz Gałęcki
Bartosz Pszczółkowski
Łukasz Zielonka
author_sort Remigiusz Gałęcki
collection DOAJ
description Yellow mealworm (<i>Tenebrio molitor</i>) meal is a promising sustainable protein for pet food, yet its effect on nutrient balance and granule texture is incompletely defined. Five dry dog food formulas containing 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, and 45% of <i>T. molitor</i> meal were extruded and analyzed for proximate composition, fatty-acid and amino-acid profiles, and compressive mechanical properties. Crude-protein concentration remained stable, whereas fat and ash increased (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and carbohydrates decreased as the inclusion level rose. Tenebrio molitor meal enriches granules in oleic, linoleic, and α-linolenic acids, improving the ω-6:ω-3 ratio from 8.0 to 5.4. Essential amino acid levels were conserved, although lysine and methionine fell modestly (≤11%). Mechanical testing showed a linear decline in hardness (331 → 300 N) and stiffness (46 → 41 N mm<sup>−1</sup>), indicating softer, more deformable granules at higher inclusion levels. The inclusion of up to 45% <i>T. molitor</i> meal can be incorporated without compromising protein quality while enhancing unsaturated fat content. Minor lysine/methionine dilution can be offset by targeted supplementation. These data support wider adoption of insect protein in hypoallergenic and eco-friendly canine diets.
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spelling doaj-art-e5c91f602dac49859fc3c682e951f97c2025-08-20T03:13:36ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152025-07-011514208710.3390/ani15142087Experiences in Formulating Insect-Based Feeds: Selected Physicochemical Properties of Dog Food Containing Yellow Mealworm MealRemigiusz Gałęcki0Bartosz Pszczółkowski1Łukasz Zielonka2Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Material and Machine Technology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Oczapowskiego 11, 10-719 Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, PolandYellow mealworm (<i>Tenebrio molitor</i>) meal is a promising sustainable protein for pet food, yet its effect on nutrient balance and granule texture is incompletely defined. Five dry dog food formulas containing 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, and 45% of <i>T. molitor</i> meal were extruded and analyzed for proximate composition, fatty-acid and amino-acid profiles, and compressive mechanical properties. Crude-protein concentration remained stable, whereas fat and ash increased (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and carbohydrates decreased as the inclusion level rose. Tenebrio molitor meal enriches granules in oleic, linoleic, and α-linolenic acids, improving the ω-6:ω-3 ratio from 8.0 to 5.4. Essential amino acid levels were conserved, although lysine and methionine fell modestly (≤11%). Mechanical testing showed a linear decline in hardness (331 → 300 N) and stiffness (46 → 41 N mm<sup>−1</sup>), indicating softer, more deformable granules at higher inclusion levels. The inclusion of up to 45% <i>T. molitor</i> meal can be incorporated without compromising protein quality while enhancing unsaturated fat content. Minor lysine/methionine dilution can be offset by targeted supplementation. These data support wider adoption of insect protein in hypoallergenic and eco-friendly canine diets.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/14/2087edible insects<i>Tenebrio molitor</i>pet foodnutritional valuecompanion animalsveterinary diets
spellingShingle Remigiusz Gałęcki
Bartosz Pszczółkowski
Łukasz Zielonka
Experiences in Formulating Insect-Based Feeds: Selected Physicochemical Properties of Dog Food Containing Yellow Mealworm Meal
Animals
edible insects
<i>Tenebrio molitor</i>
pet food
nutritional value
companion animals
veterinary diets
title Experiences in Formulating Insect-Based Feeds: Selected Physicochemical Properties of Dog Food Containing Yellow Mealworm Meal
title_full Experiences in Formulating Insect-Based Feeds: Selected Physicochemical Properties of Dog Food Containing Yellow Mealworm Meal
title_fullStr Experiences in Formulating Insect-Based Feeds: Selected Physicochemical Properties of Dog Food Containing Yellow Mealworm Meal
title_full_unstemmed Experiences in Formulating Insect-Based Feeds: Selected Physicochemical Properties of Dog Food Containing Yellow Mealworm Meal
title_short Experiences in Formulating Insect-Based Feeds: Selected Physicochemical Properties of Dog Food Containing Yellow Mealworm Meal
title_sort experiences in formulating insect based feeds selected physicochemical properties of dog food containing yellow mealworm meal
topic edible insects
<i>Tenebrio molitor</i>
pet food
nutritional value
companion animals
veterinary diets
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/14/2087
work_keys_str_mv AT remigiuszgałecki experiencesinformulatinginsectbasedfeedsselectedphysicochemicalpropertiesofdogfoodcontainingyellowmealwormmeal
AT bartoszpszczołkowski experiencesinformulatinginsectbasedfeedsselectedphysicochemicalpropertiesofdogfoodcontainingyellowmealwormmeal
AT łukaszzielonka experiencesinformulatinginsectbasedfeedsselectedphysicochemicalpropertiesofdogfoodcontainingyellowmealwormmeal