The Load Cycle Amplitude Model: An Efficient Time-Domain Extrapolation Technique for Non-Stationary Loads in Agricultural Machinery

In traditional time-domain extrapolation methods, the peak over threshold (POT) model is unable to accurately identify large load cycles in the load time history, resulting in distorted extrapolation results, particularly when addressing non-stationary loads. To address this problem, this paper prop...

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Main Authors: Zihan Yang, Xuke Liu, Zhenghe Song, Hanting Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Agriculture
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/14/12/2322
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author Zihan Yang
Xuke Liu
Zhenghe Song
Hanting Liu
author_facet Zihan Yang
Xuke Liu
Zhenghe Song
Hanting Liu
author_sort Zihan Yang
collection DOAJ
description In traditional time-domain extrapolation methods, the peak over threshold (POT) model is unable to accurately identify large load cycles in the load time history, resulting in distorted extrapolation results, particularly when addressing non-stationary loads. To address this problem, this paper proposes a time-domain extrapolation method based on the load cycle amplitude (LCA) model. The core of the method involves using load cycle amplitude features extracted from the measured loads as the basis for modelling, rather than extreme turning points based on threshold extraction. This approach prevents the load’s time-domain characteristics from compromising the accuracy of the extrapolation results. The case analysis results demonstrate that the extrapolation method based on the LCA model achieves more reliable results with both non-stationary and stationary loads. Furthermore, the streamlined modelling process results in reductions of 10.63% and 20.84% in the average computing time for the algorithm when addressing stress and vibration loads, respectively. The LCA model proposed in this paper further facilitates the integration of time-domain extrapolation methods into reliability analysis software.
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publishDate 2024-12-01
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spelling doaj-art-e5c70a1a911e4b34b5e0c04e92abce482025-08-20T02:01:05ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722024-12-011412232210.3390/agriculture14122322The Load Cycle Amplitude Model: An Efficient Time-Domain Extrapolation Technique for Non-Stationary Loads in Agricultural MachineryZihan Yang0Xuke Liu1Zhenghe Song2Hanting Liu3College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, ChinaCollege of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, ChinaCollege of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, ChinaLuoyang Smart Agricultural Equipment Institute Co., Ltd., Luoyang 471000, ChinaIn traditional time-domain extrapolation methods, the peak over threshold (POT) model is unable to accurately identify large load cycles in the load time history, resulting in distorted extrapolation results, particularly when addressing non-stationary loads. To address this problem, this paper proposes a time-domain extrapolation method based on the load cycle amplitude (LCA) model. The core of the method involves using load cycle amplitude features extracted from the measured loads as the basis for modelling, rather than extreme turning points based on threshold extraction. This approach prevents the load’s time-domain characteristics from compromising the accuracy of the extrapolation results. The case analysis results demonstrate that the extrapolation method based on the LCA model achieves more reliable results with both non-stationary and stationary loads. Furthermore, the streamlined modelling process results in reductions of 10.63% and 20.84% in the average computing time for the algorithm when addressing stress and vibration loads, respectively. The LCA model proposed in this paper further facilitates the integration of time-domain extrapolation methods into reliability analysis software.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/14/12/2322load spectrumtime-domain extrapolationnon-stationary loadextreme value theory
spellingShingle Zihan Yang
Xuke Liu
Zhenghe Song
Hanting Liu
The Load Cycle Amplitude Model: An Efficient Time-Domain Extrapolation Technique for Non-Stationary Loads in Agricultural Machinery
Agriculture
load spectrum
time-domain extrapolation
non-stationary load
extreme value theory
title The Load Cycle Amplitude Model: An Efficient Time-Domain Extrapolation Technique for Non-Stationary Loads in Agricultural Machinery
title_full The Load Cycle Amplitude Model: An Efficient Time-Domain Extrapolation Technique for Non-Stationary Loads in Agricultural Machinery
title_fullStr The Load Cycle Amplitude Model: An Efficient Time-Domain Extrapolation Technique for Non-Stationary Loads in Agricultural Machinery
title_full_unstemmed The Load Cycle Amplitude Model: An Efficient Time-Domain Extrapolation Technique for Non-Stationary Loads in Agricultural Machinery
title_short The Load Cycle Amplitude Model: An Efficient Time-Domain Extrapolation Technique for Non-Stationary Loads in Agricultural Machinery
title_sort load cycle amplitude model an efficient time domain extrapolation technique for non stationary loads in agricultural machinery
topic load spectrum
time-domain extrapolation
non-stationary load
extreme value theory
url https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/14/12/2322
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