Copper-enriched hydroxyapatite coatings obtained by high-velocity suspension flame spraying. Effect of various gas parameters on biocompatibility

Abstract Hydroxyapatite (HAp)-coated bone implants are frequently used for orthopaedic or dental implants since they offer high biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. Yet, problems such as infections, e.g. periprosthetic joint infections, occur when implanting foreign material into the body. In thi...

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Main Authors: Long-Quan R. V. Le, M. Carolina Lanzino, Matthias Blum, Anika Höppel, Ali Al-Ahmad, Andreas Killinger, Rainer Gadow, Wolfgang Rheinheimer, Michael Seidenstuecker
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2024-11-01
Series:Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-024-06846-3
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author Long-Quan R. V. Le
M. Carolina Lanzino
Matthias Blum
Anika Höppel
Ali Al-Ahmad
Andreas Killinger
Rainer Gadow
Wolfgang Rheinheimer
Michael Seidenstuecker
author_facet Long-Quan R. V. Le
M. Carolina Lanzino
Matthias Blum
Anika Höppel
Ali Al-Ahmad
Andreas Killinger
Rainer Gadow
Wolfgang Rheinheimer
Michael Seidenstuecker
author_sort Long-Quan R. V. Le
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Hydroxyapatite (HAp)-coated bone implants are frequently used for orthopaedic or dental implants since they offer high biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. Yet, problems such as infections, e.g. periprosthetic joint infections, occur when implanting foreign material into the body. In this study, HAp coatings were produced via high-velocity suspension flame spraying (HVSFS). This method allows for the production of thin coatings. We investigated the effects of different gas parameters on the coating properties and on the biocompatibility, which was tested on the human osteosarcoma cell line MG63. Furthermore, Copper (Cu) was added to achieve antibacterial properties which were evaluated against standard microorganisms using the airborne assay. Three gas parameter groups (low, medium, and high) with different Cu additions (0 wt.%, 1 wt.% and 1.5 wt.%) were evaluated. Our findings show that porosity as well as hardness can be controlled through gas parameters. Furthermore, we showed that it is possible to add Cu through external injection. The Cu content in the coating as well as the release varies with different gas parameters. Both antibacterial efficacy as well as biocompatibility are affected by the Cu content. We could significantly reduce the amount of colony-forming units (CFU) in all coatings for E. coli, CFU for S. aureus was reduced by adding 1.5 wt.% of Cu to the coating. The biocompatibility testing showed a cytotoxicity threshold at a Cu-release of 14.3 mg/L in 120 hours. Based on our findings, we suggest medium gas parameters for HVSFS and the addition of 1 wt.% Cu to the coating. With these parameters, a reasonable antibacterial effect can be achieved while maintaining sufficient biocompatibility. Graphical Abstract
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spelling doaj-art-e5b27a08fe3c45b5abfcba2f492750602025-08-20T01:57:15ZengSpringerJournal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine1573-48382024-11-0135112010.1007/s10856-024-06846-3Copper-enriched hydroxyapatite coatings obtained by high-velocity suspension flame spraying. Effect of various gas parameters on biocompatibilityLong-Quan R. V. Le0M. Carolina Lanzino1Matthias Blum2Anika Höppel3Ali Al-Ahmad4Andreas Killinger5Rainer Gadow6Wolfgang Rheinheimer7Michael Seidenstuecker8G.E.R.N. Center of Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of FreiburgInstitute for Manufacturing Technologies of Ceramic Components and Composites, University of StuttgartInstitute for Manufacturing Technologies of Ceramic Components and Composites, University of StuttgartDepartment Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital WürzburgDepartment of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of FreiburgInstitute for Manufacturing Technologies of Ceramic Components and Composites, University of StuttgartInstitute for Manufacturing Technologies of Ceramic Components and Composites, University of StuttgartInstitute for Manufacturing Technologies of Ceramic Components and Composites, University of StuttgartG.E.R.N. Center of Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of FreiburgAbstract Hydroxyapatite (HAp)-coated bone implants are frequently used for orthopaedic or dental implants since they offer high biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. Yet, problems such as infections, e.g. periprosthetic joint infections, occur when implanting foreign material into the body. In this study, HAp coatings were produced via high-velocity suspension flame spraying (HVSFS). This method allows for the production of thin coatings. We investigated the effects of different gas parameters on the coating properties and on the biocompatibility, which was tested on the human osteosarcoma cell line MG63. Furthermore, Copper (Cu) was added to achieve antibacterial properties which were evaluated against standard microorganisms using the airborne assay. Three gas parameter groups (low, medium, and high) with different Cu additions (0 wt.%, 1 wt.% and 1.5 wt.%) were evaluated. Our findings show that porosity as well as hardness can be controlled through gas parameters. Furthermore, we showed that it is possible to add Cu through external injection. The Cu content in the coating as well as the release varies with different gas parameters. Both antibacterial efficacy as well as biocompatibility are affected by the Cu content. We could significantly reduce the amount of colony-forming units (CFU) in all coatings for E. coli, CFU for S. aureus was reduced by adding 1.5 wt.% of Cu to the coating. The biocompatibility testing showed a cytotoxicity threshold at a Cu-release of 14.3 mg/L in 120 hours. Based on our findings, we suggest medium gas parameters for HVSFS and the addition of 1 wt.% Cu to the coating. With these parameters, a reasonable antibacterial effect can be achieved while maintaining sufficient biocompatibility. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-024-06846-3
spellingShingle Long-Quan R. V. Le
M. Carolina Lanzino
Matthias Blum
Anika Höppel
Ali Al-Ahmad
Andreas Killinger
Rainer Gadow
Wolfgang Rheinheimer
Michael Seidenstuecker
Copper-enriched hydroxyapatite coatings obtained by high-velocity suspension flame spraying. Effect of various gas parameters on biocompatibility
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine
title Copper-enriched hydroxyapatite coatings obtained by high-velocity suspension flame spraying. Effect of various gas parameters on biocompatibility
title_full Copper-enriched hydroxyapatite coatings obtained by high-velocity suspension flame spraying. Effect of various gas parameters on biocompatibility
title_fullStr Copper-enriched hydroxyapatite coatings obtained by high-velocity suspension flame spraying. Effect of various gas parameters on biocompatibility
title_full_unstemmed Copper-enriched hydroxyapatite coatings obtained by high-velocity suspension flame spraying. Effect of various gas parameters on biocompatibility
title_short Copper-enriched hydroxyapatite coatings obtained by high-velocity suspension flame spraying. Effect of various gas parameters on biocompatibility
title_sort copper enriched hydroxyapatite coatings obtained by high velocity suspension flame spraying effect of various gas parameters on biocompatibility
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-024-06846-3
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