Comparisons between flour qualities produced by three different mills: buhler, quadrumat, and industry mills

Three types of mills (Buhler, Quadrumat, and industry mill) have been used to determine the effect of mill type on the quality of the produced flour. Quadrumat and Buhler mills are usually used to produce flour at a laboratory level. Flour quality has been determined physically, chemically, and rheo...

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Main Authors: Abeer S. Alhendi, Tamadher H. Ahmad, Wasan S. Albayati, Balsam Q. Almukhtar, Zahraa K. Ali, Nuhoodh K. Al-Hayani
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: ISEKI_Food Association (IFA) 2022-04-01
Series:International Journal of Food Studies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.iseki-food-ejournal.com/article/82
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author Abeer S. Alhendi
Tamadher H. Ahmad
Wasan S. Albayati
Balsam Q. Almukhtar
Zahraa K. Ali
Nuhoodh K. Al-Hayani
author_facet Abeer S. Alhendi
Tamadher H. Ahmad
Wasan S. Albayati
Balsam Q. Almukhtar
Zahraa K. Ali
Nuhoodh K. Al-Hayani
author_sort Abeer S. Alhendi
collection DOAJ
description Three types of mills (Buhler, Quadrumat, and industry mill) have been used to determine the effect of mill type on the quality of the produced flour. Quadrumat and Buhler mills are usually used to produce flour at a laboratory level. Flour quality has been determined physically, chemically, and rheologically. Results showed that the particle size of flour produced by Buhler mill (FPB) was finer (mostly less than 132 μm) than other produced flour, while flour produced by Quadrumat mill (FPQ) had 8% particle size bigger than 50gg, which is more than Iraqi accepted limit (5%). The moisture content of FPQ exceeded the moisture content limit (14%). While, all flour produced by industry mills (FPI) was within the Iraqi standard in term of particle sizes and moisture content. Gluten content of FPB was higher than other produced flours; however, most increments were not significantly different. The results also showed that using different mills has no clear effect on the gluten index and alpha-amylase activity. Farinogram and extensogram results showed that FPQ was stronger than other produced flour followed by FPI. In conclusion, the quality of FPQ was closer to the quality of FPI, however, Quadrumat mill needs to be adjusted to produce flour with finer particle sizes and lower moisture content. The Buhler mill, on the other hand, needs to be adjusted to produce flour with bigger particle size. Both laboratory mills (Quadrumat and Buhler) need to be adjusted to produce flour that expresses FPI correctly.
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spelling doaj-art-e5b1440bdaf941f49592f7687175febe2025-08-20T02:38:55ZengISEKI_Food Association (IFA)International Journal of Food Studies2182-10542022-04-0111110.7455/ijfs/11.1.2022.a2Comparisons between flour qualities produced by three different mills: buhler, quadrumat, and industry millsAbeer S. Alhendi0Tamadher H. Ahmad1Wasan S. Albayati2Balsam Q. Almukhtar3Zahraa K. Ali4Nuhoodh K. Al-Hayani5Grain Board of IraqState Company for Grain ProcessingState Company for Grain ProcessingGrain Board of IraqState Company for Grain ProcessingState Company for Grain ProcessingThree types of mills (Buhler, Quadrumat, and industry mill) have been used to determine the effect of mill type on the quality of the produced flour. Quadrumat and Buhler mills are usually used to produce flour at a laboratory level. Flour quality has been determined physically, chemically, and rheologically. Results showed that the particle size of flour produced by Buhler mill (FPB) was finer (mostly less than 132 μm) than other produced flour, while flour produced by Quadrumat mill (FPQ) had 8% particle size bigger than 50gg, which is more than Iraqi accepted limit (5%). The moisture content of FPQ exceeded the moisture content limit (14%). While, all flour produced by industry mills (FPI) was within the Iraqi standard in term of particle sizes and moisture content. Gluten content of FPB was higher than other produced flours; however, most increments were not significantly different. The results also showed that using different mills has no clear effect on the gluten index and alpha-amylase activity. Farinogram and extensogram results showed that FPQ was stronger than other produced flour followed by FPI. In conclusion, the quality of FPQ was closer to the quality of FPI, however, Quadrumat mill needs to be adjusted to produce flour with finer particle sizes and lower moisture content. The Buhler mill, on the other hand, needs to be adjusted to produce flour with bigger particle size. Both laboratory mills (Quadrumat and Buhler) need to be adjusted to produce flour that expresses FPI correctly.https://www.iseki-food-ejournal.com/article/82Flour qualityMillsRheological properties
spellingShingle Abeer S. Alhendi
Tamadher H. Ahmad
Wasan S. Albayati
Balsam Q. Almukhtar
Zahraa K. Ali
Nuhoodh K. Al-Hayani
Comparisons between flour qualities produced by three different mills: buhler, quadrumat, and industry mills
International Journal of Food Studies
Flour quality
Mills
Rheological properties
title Comparisons between flour qualities produced by three different mills: buhler, quadrumat, and industry mills
title_full Comparisons between flour qualities produced by three different mills: buhler, quadrumat, and industry mills
title_fullStr Comparisons between flour qualities produced by three different mills: buhler, quadrumat, and industry mills
title_full_unstemmed Comparisons between flour qualities produced by three different mills: buhler, quadrumat, and industry mills
title_short Comparisons between flour qualities produced by three different mills: buhler, quadrumat, and industry mills
title_sort comparisons between flour qualities produced by three different mills buhler quadrumat and industry mills
topic Flour quality
Mills
Rheological properties
url https://www.iseki-food-ejournal.com/article/82
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AT tamadherhahmad comparisonsbetweenflourqualitiesproducedbythreedifferentmillsbuhlerquadrumatandindustrymills
AT wasansalbayati comparisonsbetweenflourqualitiesproducedbythreedifferentmillsbuhlerquadrumatandindustrymills
AT balsamqalmukhtar comparisonsbetweenflourqualitiesproducedbythreedifferentmillsbuhlerquadrumatandindustrymills
AT zahraakali comparisonsbetweenflourqualitiesproducedbythreedifferentmillsbuhlerquadrumatandindustrymills
AT nuhoodhkalhayani comparisonsbetweenflourqualitiesproducedbythreedifferentmillsbuhlerquadrumatandindustrymills