Global, regional and national burden of respiratory infections among children and adolescents under 19 years of age from 1990 to 2021 and projected trends to 2040
Abstract Background Respiratory infections (RTIs) have a serious impact on global health, especially those under the age of 19. Method Using the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) dataset, this study assessed the RTIs burden in adolescents and analysed life years for life loss and disability-adjust...
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SpringerOpen
2025-07-01
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| Series: | The Egyptian Journal of Bronchology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s43168-025-00428-9 |
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| author | Zhi-qiang Zhang Jing-yang Li Hongyou Wang Chi-yi Fu Ya-Lun Li Qian Guo You-wei Bao Jun Wu Jun-chao Liao Yu-Qi Song Dong-xu Li Xin-hua Zhu |
| author_facet | Zhi-qiang Zhang Jing-yang Li Hongyou Wang Chi-yi Fu Ya-Lun Li Qian Guo You-wei Bao Jun Wu Jun-chao Liao Yu-Qi Song Dong-xu Li Xin-hua Zhu |
| author_sort | Zhi-qiang Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Respiratory infections (RTIs) have a serious impact on global health, especially those under the age of 19. Method Using the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) dataset, this study assessed the RTIs burden in adolescents and analysed life years for life loss and disability-adjusted life years. Studies examined the burden of disease at the global, regional and national levels over the past 30 years using a Bayesian age-period-cohort approach. In addition, the study explores sociodemographic factors influencing the burden of disease and assesses health inequalities through inequality slope and concentration indexes. Finally, the study predicts the trend of adolescent RTIs through 2040. Result Globally, while incidence and prevalence increased, Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) decreased, with a decline in age-adjusted rate (ASR) for all. Zambia had the lowest estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) for incidence and prevalence, and China for DALYs. From 1990 to 2020, RTI case numbers, crude rates, and ASR rose, with females having slightly higher rates than males. Joinpoint regression indicated significant declines from 1990–2021. Inequality analysis showed a burden in high-Socio-demographic Index (SDI) countries, reflecting increased relative inequality. Predictions suggest rising incidence and prevalence after 2030, while DALYs will continue to decline. Conclusion Despite significant advancements in prevention and treatment over the past three decades, projections indicate an increasing trend in respiratory infections among children and adolescents. However, effective public health strategies and ongoing research remain crucial for global disease management. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e5b0573267a0413ba6ebc3fdcccf49cb |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2314-8551 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Egyptian Journal of Bronchology |
| spelling | doaj-art-e5b0573267a0413ba6ebc3fdcccf49cb2025-08-20T03:04:35ZengSpringerOpenThe Egyptian Journal of Bronchology2314-85512025-07-0119112610.1186/s43168-025-00428-9Global, regional and national burden of respiratory infections among children and adolescents under 19 years of age from 1990 to 2021 and projected trends to 2040Zhi-qiang Zhang0Jing-yang Li1Hongyou Wang2Chi-yi Fu3Ya-Lun Li4Qian Guo5You-wei Bao6Jun Wu7Jun-chao Liao8Yu-Qi Song9Dong-xu Li10Xin-hua Zhu11Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang UniversityDepartment of Clinical Medicine, The First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang UniversityDepartment of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of Jilin UniversitySouthwest Medical UniversityDepartment of Clinical Medicine, The First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang UniversityDepartment of Rhinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang UniversityDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang UniversityDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang UniversityDepartment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang UniversityAbstract Background Respiratory infections (RTIs) have a serious impact on global health, especially those under the age of 19. Method Using the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) dataset, this study assessed the RTIs burden in adolescents and analysed life years for life loss and disability-adjusted life years. Studies examined the burden of disease at the global, regional and national levels over the past 30 years using a Bayesian age-period-cohort approach. In addition, the study explores sociodemographic factors influencing the burden of disease and assesses health inequalities through inequality slope and concentration indexes. Finally, the study predicts the trend of adolescent RTIs through 2040. Result Globally, while incidence and prevalence increased, Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) decreased, with a decline in age-adjusted rate (ASR) for all. Zambia had the lowest estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) for incidence and prevalence, and China for DALYs. From 1990 to 2020, RTI case numbers, crude rates, and ASR rose, with females having slightly higher rates than males. Joinpoint regression indicated significant declines from 1990–2021. Inequality analysis showed a burden in high-Socio-demographic Index (SDI) countries, reflecting increased relative inequality. Predictions suggest rising incidence and prevalence after 2030, while DALYs will continue to decline. Conclusion Despite significant advancements in prevention and treatment over the past three decades, projections indicate an increasing trend in respiratory infections among children and adolescents. However, effective public health strategies and ongoing research remain crucial for global disease management.https://doi.org/10.1186/s43168-025-00428-9Respiratory tract infectionsRTIsYoungGBDDisease burdenBayesian projection |
| spellingShingle | Zhi-qiang Zhang Jing-yang Li Hongyou Wang Chi-yi Fu Ya-Lun Li Qian Guo You-wei Bao Jun Wu Jun-chao Liao Yu-Qi Song Dong-xu Li Xin-hua Zhu Global, regional and national burden of respiratory infections among children and adolescents under 19 years of age from 1990 to 2021 and projected trends to 2040 The Egyptian Journal of Bronchology Respiratory tract infections RTIs Young GBD Disease burden Bayesian projection |
| title | Global, regional and national burden of respiratory infections among children and adolescents under 19 years of age from 1990 to 2021 and projected trends to 2040 |
| title_full | Global, regional and national burden of respiratory infections among children and adolescents under 19 years of age from 1990 to 2021 and projected trends to 2040 |
| title_fullStr | Global, regional and national burden of respiratory infections among children and adolescents under 19 years of age from 1990 to 2021 and projected trends to 2040 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Global, regional and national burden of respiratory infections among children and adolescents under 19 years of age from 1990 to 2021 and projected trends to 2040 |
| title_short | Global, regional and national burden of respiratory infections among children and adolescents under 19 years of age from 1990 to 2021 and projected trends to 2040 |
| title_sort | global regional and national burden of respiratory infections among children and adolescents under 19 years of age from 1990 to 2021 and projected trends to 2040 |
| topic | Respiratory tract infections RTIs Young GBD Disease burden Bayesian projection |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s43168-025-00428-9 |
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