Overall architecture design of row/column scanning silicon-based focal plane switch array LiDAR transmitter system

The focal plane switch array (FPSA) is one of the most promising solutions for optical detection and ranging—light detection and ranging (LiDAR)—due to its ease of control and lack of sidelobes. However, as the emitted field of view continues to increase, its scalability and system integration face...

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Main Authors: Yu Wang, Yue Wang, Zeyang Zhang, Hang Cheng, Yuanhui Li, Guohui Yang, Kuang Zhang, Chunhui Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: AIP Publishing LLC 2025-06-01
Series:APL Photonics
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0268521
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author Yu Wang
Yue Wang
Zeyang Zhang
Hang Cheng
Yuanhui Li
Guohui Yang
Kuang Zhang
Chunhui Wang
author_facet Yu Wang
Yue Wang
Zeyang Zhang
Hang Cheng
Yuanhui Li
Guohui Yang
Kuang Zhang
Chunhui Wang
author_sort Yu Wang
collection DOAJ
description The focal plane switch array (FPSA) is one of the most promising solutions for optical detection and ranging—light detection and ranging (LiDAR)—due to its ease of control and lack of sidelobes. However, as the emitted field of view continues to increase, its scalability and system integration face significant challenges. To address this issue, we propose and fabricate a novel row/column scanning FPSA LiDAR transmitter system architecture. This architecture allows each optical path to control multiple grating couplers for simultaneous transmission, integrating both time-domain and spatial detection to enhance system detection efficiency and accuracy. For an N × N transmitter array, the number of required optical switches is reduced to 1/N of that needed in existing FPSA architectures, significantly decreasing the complexity of modulation and integration. Furthermore, to improve the performance of two-dimensional beam scanning, we utilized topological optimization and deep learning techniques to customize the design and optimization of key components. The functionality and low complexity of the designed architecture were validated through the simulation of a 64 × 64 transmitter array. By fabricating and testing a 4 × 4 transmitter array, we confirmed the feasibility of the designed architecture. The test results indicate that, benefiting from the meticulous optimization of each component, the scanning angle of the emitted beam reached 4° × 4°, the beam divergence angle achieved 0.05° × 0.05°, and the FWHM reached 0.13 μm, with the extinction ratio of each channel exceeding 23 dB.
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spelling doaj-art-e5abb427ffd8476fb612cb137d6d8b022025-08-20T03:14:57ZengAIP Publishing LLCAPL Photonics2378-09672025-06-01106066107066107-1210.1063/5.0268521Overall architecture design of row/column scanning silicon-based focal plane switch array LiDAR transmitter systemYu Wang0Yue Wang1Zeyang Zhang2Hang Cheng3Yuanhui Li4Guohui Yang5Kuang Zhang6Chunhui Wang7The National Key Laboratory of Tunable Laser Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, ChinaThe National Key Laboratory of Tunable Laser Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, ChinaThe National Key Laboratory of Tunable Laser Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, ChinaThe National Key Laboratory of Tunable Laser Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, ChinaThe National Key Laboratory of Tunable Laser Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, ChinaThe School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, ChinaThe School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, ChinaThe National Key Laboratory of Tunable Laser Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, ChinaThe focal plane switch array (FPSA) is one of the most promising solutions for optical detection and ranging—light detection and ranging (LiDAR)—due to its ease of control and lack of sidelobes. However, as the emitted field of view continues to increase, its scalability and system integration face significant challenges. To address this issue, we propose and fabricate a novel row/column scanning FPSA LiDAR transmitter system architecture. This architecture allows each optical path to control multiple grating couplers for simultaneous transmission, integrating both time-domain and spatial detection to enhance system detection efficiency and accuracy. For an N × N transmitter array, the number of required optical switches is reduced to 1/N of that needed in existing FPSA architectures, significantly decreasing the complexity of modulation and integration. Furthermore, to improve the performance of two-dimensional beam scanning, we utilized topological optimization and deep learning techniques to customize the design and optimization of key components. The functionality and low complexity of the designed architecture were validated through the simulation of a 64 × 64 transmitter array. By fabricating and testing a 4 × 4 transmitter array, we confirmed the feasibility of the designed architecture. The test results indicate that, benefiting from the meticulous optimization of each component, the scanning angle of the emitted beam reached 4° × 4°, the beam divergence angle achieved 0.05° × 0.05°, and the FWHM reached 0.13 μm, with the extinction ratio of each channel exceeding 23 dB.http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0268521
spellingShingle Yu Wang
Yue Wang
Zeyang Zhang
Hang Cheng
Yuanhui Li
Guohui Yang
Kuang Zhang
Chunhui Wang
Overall architecture design of row/column scanning silicon-based focal plane switch array LiDAR transmitter system
APL Photonics
title Overall architecture design of row/column scanning silicon-based focal plane switch array LiDAR transmitter system
title_full Overall architecture design of row/column scanning silicon-based focal plane switch array LiDAR transmitter system
title_fullStr Overall architecture design of row/column scanning silicon-based focal plane switch array LiDAR transmitter system
title_full_unstemmed Overall architecture design of row/column scanning silicon-based focal plane switch array LiDAR transmitter system
title_short Overall architecture design of row/column scanning silicon-based focal plane switch array LiDAR transmitter system
title_sort overall architecture design of row column scanning silicon based focal plane switch array lidar transmitter system
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0268521
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