Enhanced angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and antioxidant activities through synergistic green tea and black rice extracts
The study investigated the synergistic effects of green tea extract (GTE) and black rice extract (BRE) on total phenolic content, flavonoid content, antioxidant activities and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition. The influence of GTE concentrations (14.64–85.36 % w/w) and pH levels (3.59–...
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Elsevier
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Food Chemistry Advances |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772753X25001091 |
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| author | Worrapob Chaisan Nuttinee Salee Peeraporn Pakakaew Niramon Utama-ang |
| author_facet | Worrapob Chaisan Nuttinee Salee Peeraporn Pakakaew Niramon Utama-ang |
| author_sort | Worrapob Chaisan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The study investigated the synergistic effects of green tea extract (GTE) and black rice extract (BRE) on total phenolic content, flavonoid content, antioxidant activities and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition. The influence of GTE concentrations (14.64–85.36 % w/w) and pH levels (3.59–6.41) was analyzed by regression and response surface methodology. Optimized conditions of synergistic effect (85.36 % w/w GTE and 14.64 % of BRE at pH 6.0) yielded the highest antioxidant activities (DPPH IC50 = 0.112±0.015 mg/mL, ABTS = 89.14±1.58 mmol TE/100 g, FRAP = 373.66±3.42 mmol Fe2+/100 g), the highest total phenolic (120.98±1.60 mmol GAE/100 g), flavonoid contents (15.28±1.07 mmol QE/100 g) and ACE inhibitory activity (IC50 = 6.125±0.106 μg/mL). Therefore, this condition was selected to produce the combined extract for determining the combination index (CI). The CI was 0.349±0.075 for DPPH and 0.505±0.019 for ACE inhibition, indicating confirmation of a synergistic effect. These findings suggest that the combined extract could serve as a valuable functional ingredient, enhancing access to bioactive-rich resources for nutritionally supportive and sustainable diets. With potential applications in food systems and healthcare, this agro-ingredient may contribute to improved access to resources for blood pressure management and non-communicable disease (NCDs) prevention, aligning with broader goals in nutrition and health equity. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e5a9a1ff6d70486bb0f28c0cc130451f |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2772-753X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Food Chemistry Advances |
| spelling | doaj-art-e5a9a1ff6d70486bb0f28c0cc130451f2025-08-20T02:06:12ZengElsevierFood Chemistry Advances2772-753X2025-06-01710099310.1016/j.focha.2025.100993Enhanced angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and antioxidant activities through synergistic green tea and black rice extractsWorrapob Chaisan0Nuttinee Salee1Peeraporn Pakakaew2Niramon Utama-ang3Cluster of High Value Products from Thai Rice and Plants for Health, Chiang Mai University, ThailandProgram of Food Production Engineering and Innovation, College of Integrated of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna, Chiang Mai, ThailandDivision of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro Industry, Chiang Mai University, ThailandDivision of Product Development Technology, Faculty of Agro Industry, Chiang Mai University, Thailand; Cluster of High Value Products from Thai Rice and Plants for Health, Chiang Mai University, Thailand; Corresponding author.The study investigated the synergistic effects of green tea extract (GTE) and black rice extract (BRE) on total phenolic content, flavonoid content, antioxidant activities and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition. The influence of GTE concentrations (14.64–85.36 % w/w) and pH levels (3.59–6.41) was analyzed by regression and response surface methodology. Optimized conditions of synergistic effect (85.36 % w/w GTE and 14.64 % of BRE at pH 6.0) yielded the highest antioxidant activities (DPPH IC50 = 0.112±0.015 mg/mL, ABTS = 89.14±1.58 mmol TE/100 g, FRAP = 373.66±3.42 mmol Fe2+/100 g), the highest total phenolic (120.98±1.60 mmol GAE/100 g), flavonoid contents (15.28±1.07 mmol QE/100 g) and ACE inhibitory activity (IC50 = 6.125±0.106 μg/mL). Therefore, this condition was selected to produce the combined extract for determining the combination index (CI). The CI was 0.349±0.075 for DPPH and 0.505±0.019 for ACE inhibition, indicating confirmation of a synergistic effect. These findings suggest that the combined extract could serve as a valuable functional ingredient, enhancing access to bioactive-rich resources for nutritionally supportive and sustainable diets. With potential applications in food systems and healthcare, this agro-ingredient may contribute to improved access to resources for blood pressure management and non-communicable disease (NCDs) prevention, aligning with broader goals in nutrition and health equity.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772753X25001091Green teaBlack riceAntioxidant activityACE inhibitory activitySynergistic effect |
| spellingShingle | Worrapob Chaisan Nuttinee Salee Peeraporn Pakakaew Niramon Utama-ang Enhanced angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and antioxidant activities through synergistic green tea and black rice extracts Food Chemistry Advances Green tea Black rice Antioxidant activity ACE inhibitory activity Synergistic effect |
| title | Enhanced angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and antioxidant activities through synergistic green tea and black rice extracts |
| title_full | Enhanced angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and antioxidant activities through synergistic green tea and black rice extracts |
| title_fullStr | Enhanced angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and antioxidant activities through synergistic green tea and black rice extracts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhanced angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and antioxidant activities through synergistic green tea and black rice extracts |
| title_short | Enhanced angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and antioxidant activities through synergistic green tea and black rice extracts |
| title_sort | enhanced angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition and antioxidant activities through synergistic green tea and black rice extracts |
| topic | Green tea Black rice Antioxidant activity ACE inhibitory activity Synergistic effect |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772753X25001091 |
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