Microwave Detection of Carbon Monoxide Gas via a Spoof Localized Surface Plasmons-Enhanced Cavity Antenna

This paper presents a carbon monoxide (CO) detection mechanism achieved through further improvement of the sensing antenna based on hybrid spoof localized surface plasmons (SLSPs) and cavity resonance. Unlike conventional approaches relying on chemical reactions or photoelectric effects, the all-met...

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Main Authors: Meng Wang, Wenjie Xu, Shitao Sun
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Micromachines
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/7/790
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author Meng Wang
Wenjie Xu
Shitao Sun
author_facet Meng Wang
Wenjie Xu
Shitao Sun
author_sort Meng Wang
collection DOAJ
description This paper presents a carbon monoxide (CO) detection mechanism achieved through further improvement of the sensing antenna based on hybrid spoof localized surface plasmons (SLSPs) and cavity resonance. Unlike conventional approaches relying on chemical reactions or photoelectric effects, the all-metal configuration detects dielectric variations through microwave-regime resonance frequency shifts, enabling CO/air differentiation with theoretically enhanced robustness and environmental adaptability. The designed system achieves measured figures of merit (FoMs) of 183.2 RIU<sup>−1</sup>, resolving gases with dielectric contrast below 0.1%. Experimental validation successfully discriminated CO (ε<sub>r</sub> = 1.00262) from air (ε<sub>r</sub> = 1.00054) under standard atmospheric pressure at 18 °C.
format Article
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institution DOAJ
issn 2072-666X
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Micromachines
spelling doaj-art-e5a6a7ef99874c03ae8322eae1ff14ee2025-08-20T02:47:07ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2025-07-0116779010.3390/mi16070790Microwave Detection of Carbon Monoxide Gas via a Spoof Localized Surface Plasmons-Enhanced Cavity AntennaMeng Wang0Wenjie Xu1Shitao Sun2Wuxi Campus, Southeast University, Wuxi 214127, ChinaWuxi Campus, Southeast University, Wuxi 214127, ChinaWuxi Campus, Southeast University, Wuxi 214127, ChinaThis paper presents a carbon monoxide (CO) detection mechanism achieved through further improvement of the sensing antenna based on hybrid spoof localized surface plasmons (SLSPs) and cavity resonance. Unlike conventional approaches relying on chemical reactions or photoelectric effects, the all-metal configuration detects dielectric variations through microwave-regime resonance frequency shifts, enabling CO/air differentiation with theoretically enhanced robustness and environmental adaptability. The designed system achieves measured figures of merit (FoMs) of 183.2 RIU<sup>−1</sup>, resolving gases with dielectric contrast below 0.1%. Experimental validation successfully discriminated CO (ε<sub>r</sub> = 1.00262) from air (ε<sub>r</sub> = 1.00054) under standard atmospheric pressure at 18 °C.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/7/790cavity resonancecarbon monoxide discriminationremote detectionsensing antennaspoof localized surface plasmons
spellingShingle Meng Wang
Wenjie Xu
Shitao Sun
Microwave Detection of Carbon Monoxide Gas via a Spoof Localized Surface Plasmons-Enhanced Cavity Antenna
Micromachines
cavity resonance
carbon monoxide discrimination
remote detection
sensing antenna
spoof localized surface plasmons
title Microwave Detection of Carbon Monoxide Gas via a Spoof Localized Surface Plasmons-Enhanced Cavity Antenna
title_full Microwave Detection of Carbon Monoxide Gas via a Spoof Localized Surface Plasmons-Enhanced Cavity Antenna
title_fullStr Microwave Detection of Carbon Monoxide Gas via a Spoof Localized Surface Plasmons-Enhanced Cavity Antenna
title_full_unstemmed Microwave Detection of Carbon Monoxide Gas via a Spoof Localized Surface Plasmons-Enhanced Cavity Antenna
title_short Microwave Detection of Carbon Monoxide Gas via a Spoof Localized Surface Plasmons-Enhanced Cavity Antenna
title_sort microwave detection of carbon monoxide gas via a spoof localized surface plasmons enhanced cavity antenna
topic cavity resonance
carbon monoxide discrimination
remote detection
sensing antenna
spoof localized surface plasmons
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/7/790
work_keys_str_mv AT mengwang microwavedetectionofcarbonmonoxidegasviaaspooflocalizedsurfaceplasmonsenhancedcavityantenna
AT wenjiexu microwavedetectionofcarbonmonoxidegasviaaspooflocalizedsurfaceplasmonsenhancedcavityantenna
AT shitaosun microwavedetectionofcarbonmonoxidegasviaaspooflocalizedsurfaceplasmonsenhancedcavityantenna