Pharmacological Treatment of Interstitial Lung Diseases: A Novel Landscape for Inhaled Agents
Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) encompass a heterogeneous group of over 200 disorders that require individualized treatment. Antifibrotic agents, such as nintedanib and pirfenidone, have remarkably revolutionized the treatment landscape of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Moreove...
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| Format: | Article |
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2024-10-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/16/11/1391 |
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| author | Vito D’Agnano Fabio Perrotta Ramona Fomez Valerio Maria Carrozzo Angela Schiattarella Stefano Sanduzzi Zamparelli Raffaella Pagliaro Andrea Bianco Domenica Francesca Mariniello |
| author_facet | Vito D’Agnano Fabio Perrotta Ramona Fomez Valerio Maria Carrozzo Angela Schiattarella Stefano Sanduzzi Zamparelli Raffaella Pagliaro Andrea Bianco Domenica Francesca Mariniello |
| author_sort | Vito D’Agnano |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) encompass a heterogeneous group of over 200 disorders that require individualized treatment. Antifibrotic agents, such as nintedanib and pirfenidone, have remarkably revolutionized the treatment landscape of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Moreover, the approval of nintedanib has also expanded the therapeutic options for patients with progressive pulmonary fibrosis other than IPF. However, despite recent advances, current therapeutic strategies based on antifibrotic agents and/or immunomodulation are associated with non-negligible side effects. Therefore, several studies have explored the inhalation route aiming to spread higher local concentrations while limiting systemic toxicity. In this review, we examined the currently available literature about preclinical and clinical studies testing the efficacy and safety of inhalation-based antifibrotics, immunomodulatory agents, antioxidants, mucolytics, bronchodilators, and vasodilator agents in ILDs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e5a608d9effb407aa1740f1cc2874dd6 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj-art-e5a608d9effb407aa1740f1cc2874dd62025-08-20T02:05:07ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232024-10-011611139110.3390/pharmaceutics16111391Pharmacological Treatment of Interstitial Lung Diseases: A Novel Landscape for Inhaled AgentsVito D’Agnano0Fabio Perrotta1Ramona Fomez2Valerio Maria Carrozzo3Angela Schiattarella4Stefano Sanduzzi Zamparelli5Raffaella Pagliaro6Andrea Bianco7Domenica Francesca Mariniello8Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, ItalyDivision of Pneumology, A. Cardarelli Hospital, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, ItalyUOC Pneumotisiologia Federico II, A.O.R.N. Monaldi-Cotugno-CTO Piazzale Ettore Ruggieri, 80131 Naples, ItalyInterstitial lung diseases (ILDs) encompass a heterogeneous group of over 200 disorders that require individualized treatment. Antifibrotic agents, such as nintedanib and pirfenidone, have remarkably revolutionized the treatment landscape of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Moreover, the approval of nintedanib has also expanded the therapeutic options for patients with progressive pulmonary fibrosis other than IPF. However, despite recent advances, current therapeutic strategies based on antifibrotic agents and/or immunomodulation are associated with non-negligible side effects. Therefore, several studies have explored the inhalation route aiming to spread higher local concentrations while limiting systemic toxicity. In this review, we examined the currently available literature about preclinical and clinical studies testing the efficacy and safety of inhalation-based antifibrotics, immunomodulatory agents, antioxidants, mucolytics, bronchodilators, and vasodilator agents in ILDs.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/16/11/1391idiopathic pulmonary fibrosisinterstitial lung diseasesinhaled agentsantifibroticsbronchodilatorscorticosteroids |
| spellingShingle | Vito D’Agnano Fabio Perrotta Ramona Fomez Valerio Maria Carrozzo Angela Schiattarella Stefano Sanduzzi Zamparelli Raffaella Pagliaro Andrea Bianco Domenica Francesca Mariniello Pharmacological Treatment of Interstitial Lung Diseases: A Novel Landscape for Inhaled Agents Pharmaceutics idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis interstitial lung diseases inhaled agents antifibrotics bronchodilators corticosteroids |
| title | Pharmacological Treatment of Interstitial Lung Diseases: A Novel Landscape for Inhaled Agents |
| title_full | Pharmacological Treatment of Interstitial Lung Diseases: A Novel Landscape for Inhaled Agents |
| title_fullStr | Pharmacological Treatment of Interstitial Lung Diseases: A Novel Landscape for Inhaled Agents |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pharmacological Treatment of Interstitial Lung Diseases: A Novel Landscape for Inhaled Agents |
| title_short | Pharmacological Treatment of Interstitial Lung Diseases: A Novel Landscape for Inhaled Agents |
| title_sort | pharmacological treatment of interstitial lung diseases a novel landscape for inhaled agents |
| topic | idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis interstitial lung diseases inhaled agents antifibrotics bronchodilators corticosteroids |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/16/11/1391 |
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