Pharmacological Treatment of Interstitial Lung Diseases: A Novel Landscape for Inhaled Agents

Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) encompass a heterogeneous group of over 200 disorders that require individualized treatment. Antifibrotic agents, such as nintedanib and pirfenidone, have remarkably revolutionized the treatment landscape of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Moreove...

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Main Authors: Vito D’Agnano, Fabio Perrotta, Ramona Fomez, Valerio Maria Carrozzo, Angela Schiattarella, Stefano Sanduzzi Zamparelli, Raffaella Pagliaro, Andrea Bianco, Domenica Francesca Mariniello
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Pharmaceutics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/16/11/1391
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author Vito D’Agnano
Fabio Perrotta
Ramona Fomez
Valerio Maria Carrozzo
Angela Schiattarella
Stefano Sanduzzi Zamparelli
Raffaella Pagliaro
Andrea Bianco
Domenica Francesca Mariniello
author_facet Vito D’Agnano
Fabio Perrotta
Ramona Fomez
Valerio Maria Carrozzo
Angela Schiattarella
Stefano Sanduzzi Zamparelli
Raffaella Pagliaro
Andrea Bianco
Domenica Francesca Mariniello
author_sort Vito D’Agnano
collection DOAJ
description Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) encompass a heterogeneous group of over 200 disorders that require individualized treatment. Antifibrotic agents, such as nintedanib and pirfenidone, have remarkably revolutionized the treatment landscape of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Moreover, the approval of nintedanib has also expanded the therapeutic options for patients with progressive pulmonary fibrosis other than IPF. However, despite recent advances, current therapeutic strategies based on antifibrotic agents and/or immunomodulation are associated with non-negligible side effects. Therefore, several studies have explored the inhalation route aiming to spread higher local concentrations while limiting systemic toxicity. In this review, we examined the currently available literature about preclinical and clinical studies testing the efficacy and safety of inhalation-based antifibrotics, immunomodulatory agents, antioxidants, mucolytics, bronchodilators, and vasodilator agents in ILDs.
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series Pharmaceutics
spelling doaj-art-e5a608d9effb407aa1740f1cc2874dd62025-08-20T02:05:07ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232024-10-011611139110.3390/pharmaceutics16111391Pharmacological Treatment of Interstitial Lung Diseases: A Novel Landscape for Inhaled AgentsVito D’Agnano0Fabio Perrotta1Ramona Fomez2Valerio Maria Carrozzo3Angela Schiattarella4Stefano Sanduzzi Zamparelli5Raffaella Pagliaro6Andrea Bianco7Domenica Francesca Mariniello8Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, ItalyDivision of Pneumology, A. Cardarelli Hospital, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, ItalyUOC Pneumotisiologia Federico II, A.O.R.N. Monaldi-Cotugno-CTO Piazzale Ettore Ruggieri, 80131 Naples, ItalyInterstitial lung diseases (ILDs) encompass a heterogeneous group of over 200 disorders that require individualized treatment. Antifibrotic agents, such as nintedanib and pirfenidone, have remarkably revolutionized the treatment landscape of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Moreover, the approval of nintedanib has also expanded the therapeutic options for patients with progressive pulmonary fibrosis other than IPF. However, despite recent advances, current therapeutic strategies based on antifibrotic agents and/or immunomodulation are associated with non-negligible side effects. Therefore, several studies have explored the inhalation route aiming to spread higher local concentrations while limiting systemic toxicity. In this review, we examined the currently available literature about preclinical and clinical studies testing the efficacy and safety of inhalation-based antifibrotics, immunomodulatory agents, antioxidants, mucolytics, bronchodilators, and vasodilator agents in ILDs.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/16/11/1391idiopathic pulmonary fibrosisinterstitial lung diseasesinhaled agentsantifibroticsbronchodilatorscorticosteroids
spellingShingle Vito D’Agnano
Fabio Perrotta
Ramona Fomez
Valerio Maria Carrozzo
Angela Schiattarella
Stefano Sanduzzi Zamparelli
Raffaella Pagliaro
Andrea Bianco
Domenica Francesca Mariniello
Pharmacological Treatment of Interstitial Lung Diseases: A Novel Landscape for Inhaled Agents
Pharmaceutics
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
interstitial lung diseases
inhaled agents
antifibrotics
bronchodilators
corticosteroids
title Pharmacological Treatment of Interstitial Lung Diseases: A Novel Landscape for Inhaled Agents
title_full Pharmacological Treatment of Interstitial Lung Diseases: A Novel Landscape for Inhaled Agents
title_fullStr Pharmacological Treatment of Interstitial Lung Diseases: A Novel Landscape for Inhaled Agents
title_full_unstemmed Pharmacological Treatment of Interstitial Lung Diseases: A Novel Landscape for Inhaled Agents
title_short Pharmacological Treatment of Interstitial Lung Diseases: A Novel Landscape for Inhaled Agents
title_sort pharmacological treatment of interstitial lung diseases a novel landscape for inhaled agents
topic idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
interstitial lung diseases
inhaled agents
antifibrotics
bronchodilators
corticosteroids
url https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/16/11/1391
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