Pharmacokinetics of cannabidiol and its two main phase I metabolites in Connemara ponies
IntroductionCannabidiol (CBD) has shown potential therapeutic benefits in veterinary medicine, but further investigations are needed to establish its pharmacokinetics and therapeutic dosing in horses and ponies. The present study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of CBD in Connemar...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1599934/full |
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| author | Kata Wermer Orsolya Korbacska-Kutasi Róbert Berkecz Róbert Berkecz Dezső Csupor Dezső Csupor Nóra Ágh Nóra Ágh Anita Sztojkov-Ivanov Dániel Cserhalmi |
| author_facet | Kata Wermer Orsolya Korbacska-Kutasi Róbert Berkecz Róbert Berkecz Dezső Csupor Dezső Csupor Nóra Ágh Nóra Ágh Anita Sztojkov-Ivanov Dániel Cserhalmi |
| author_sort | Kata Wermer |
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| description | IntroductionCannabidiol (CBD) has shown potential therapeutic benefits in veterinary medicine, but further investigations are needed to establish its pharmacokinetics and therapeutic dosing in horses and ponies. The present study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of CBD in Connemara ponies following oral administration of CBD oil.MethodsTen healthy ponies received a single oral dose of CBD oil at 2 mg/kg. Blood samples were collected before dosing and up to 16 days post-administration, with physical examinations conducted at baseline and at 8, 12, and 24 h post-dose. Additional blood samples were taken at baseline and 24 h for hematological and biochemical analyses. Targeted UHPLC–MS/HRMS measurements quantified CBD and its metabolites, 7-hydroxy-CBD (7-OH-CBD) and 7-carboxy-CBD (7-COOH-CBD).ResultsThe CBD oil was well-tolerated, with no side effects. A significant decrease in heart rate was observed after 24 h. Changes in hematological and biochemical markers included elevated urea, slight increases in chloride, Gamma-glutamyl transferase, Total bilirubin, Lactate dehydrogenase, and a minor reduction in WBC count. CBD was detectable in 4 ponies on day 7, but none on day 12. The 7-COOH-CBD metabolite remained detectable up to day 16 in all subjects. The pharmacokinetic parameters for CBD were Cmax = 31.472 ± 8.080 ng/mL, tmax = 2.111 ± 0.928 h, t1/2 = 12.563 ± 3.054 h, and Vz/F = 198.757 ± 49.123 L/kg.DiscussionThe pharmacokinetic characteristics of CBD observed in the present study are consistent with previous research in warmblood horses and provide a foundation for future studies to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and long-term safety of CBD in ponies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e5a3a8a5e48648f99f38cb427f98e687 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-e5a3a8a5e48648f99f38cb427f98e6872025-08-20T03:27:15ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692025-06-011210.3389/fvets.2025.15999341599934Pharmacokinetics of cannabidiol and its two main phase I metabolites in Connemara poniesKata Wermer0Orsolya Korbacska-Kutasi1Róbert Berkecz2Róbert Berkecz3Dezső Csupor4Dezső Csupor5Nóra Ágh6Nóra Ágh7Anita Sztojkov-Ivanov8Dániel Cserhalmi9Department of Botany, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Animal Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, HungaryInstitute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, HungaryDepartment of Forensic Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, Szeged, HungaryFaculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, HungaryInstitute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, HungaryHUN-REN-PE Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, HungaryBehavioral Ecology Research Group, Center for Natural Sciences, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, HungaryInstitute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, HungaryDepartment of Botany, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, HungaryIntroductionCannabidiol (CBD) has shown potential therapeutic benefits in veterinary medicine, but further investigations are needed to establish its pharmacokinetics and therapeutic dosing in horses and ponies. The present study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of CBD in Connemara ponies following oral administration of CBD oil.MethodsTen healthy ponies received a single oral dose of CBD oil at 2 mg/kg. Blood samples were collected before dosing and up to 16 days post-administration, with physical examinations conducted at baseline and at 8, 12, and 24 h post-dose. Additional blood samples were taken at baseline and 24 h for hematological and biochemical analyses. Targeted UHPLC–MS/HRMS measurements quantified CBD and its metabolites, 7-hydroxy-CBD (7-OH-CBD) and 7-carboxy-CBD (7-COOH-CBD).ResultsThe CBD oil was well-tolerated, with no side effects. A significant decrease in heart rate was observed after 24 h. Changes in hematological and biochemical markers included elevated urea, slight increases in chloride, Gamma-glutamyl transferase, Total bilirubin, Lactate dehydrogenase, and a minor reduction in WBC count. CBD was detectable in 4 ponies on day 7, but none on day 12. The 7-COOH-CBD metabolite remained detectable up to day 16 in all subjects. The pharmacokinetic parameters for CBD were Cmax = 31.472 ± 8.080 ng/mL, tmax = 2.111 ± 0.928 h, t1/2 = 12.563 ± 3.054 h, and Vz/F = 198.757 ± 49.123 L/kg.DiscussionThe pharmacokinetic characteristics of CBD observed in the present study are consistent with previous research in warmblood horses and provide a foundation for future studies to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and long-term safety of CBD in ponies.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1599934/fullcannabidiolhorseequineCBD metabolismpharmacokineticscannabinoid |
| spellingShingle | Kata Wermer Orsolya Korbacska-Kutasi Róbert Berkecz Róbert Berkecz Dezső Csupor Dezső Csupor Nóra Ágh Nóra Ágh Anita Sztojkov-Ivanov Dániel Cserhalmi Pharmacokinetics of cannabidiol and its two main phase I metabolites in Connemara ponies Frontiers in Veterinary Science cannabidiol horse equine CBD metabolism pharmacokinetics cannabinoid |
| title | Pharmacokinetics of cannabidiol and its two main phase I metabolites in Connemara ponies |
| title_full | Pharmacokinetics of cannabidiol and its two main phase I metabolites in Connemara ponies |
| title_fullStr | Pharmacokinetics of cannabidiol and its two main phase I metabolites in Connemara ponies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pharmacokinetics of cannabidiol and its two main phase I metabolites in Connemara ponies |
| title_short | Pharmacokinetics of cannabidiol and its two main phase I metabolites in Connemara ponies |
| title_sort | pharmacokinetics of cannabidiol and its two main phase i metabolites in connemara ponies |
| topic | cannabidiol horse equine CBD metabolism pharmacokinetics cannabinoid |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1599934/full |
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