Dietary Components Associated with the Risk of Gastric Cancer in the Latin American Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Gastric cancer is one of the most frequent cancer types in the Latin American population, and its development is related to multiple factors, including diet. The present systematic review and meta-analysis, based on PRISMA, aims to determine dietary components associated with gastric cancer in Latin...

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Main Authors: Azalia Avila-Nava, Ana Ligia Gutiérrez-Solis, Oscar Daniel Pacheco-Can, Ian Yeshua Sagols-Tanoira, Roberto González-Marenco, Ana Gabriela Cabrera-Lizarraga, Jesús Abraham Castillo-Avila, Miguel Alberto Aguilar-Franco, Rodolfo Chim-Aké, Héctor Rubio-Zapata, Mariela Reyes-Sosa, Isabel Medina-Vera, Martha Guevara-Cruz, Katy Sánchez-Pozos, Roberto Lugo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Foods
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/6/1052
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author Azalia Avila-Nava
Ana Ligia Gutiérrez-Solis
Oscar Daniel Pacheco-Can
Ian Yeshua Sagols-Tanoira
Roberto González-Marenco
Ana Gabriela Cabrera-Lizarraga
Jesús Abraham Castillo-Avila
Miguel Alberto Aguilar-Franco
Rodolfo Chim-Aké
Héctor Rubio-Zapata
Mariela Reyes-Sosa
Isabel Medina-Vera
Martha Guevara-Cruz
Katy Sánchez-Pozos
Roberto Lugo
author_facet Azalia Avila-Nava
Ana Ligia Gutiérrez-Solis
Oscar Daniel Pacheco-Can
Ian Yeshua Sagols-Tanoira
Roberto González-Marenco
Ana Gabriela Cabrera-Lizarraga
Jesús Abraham Castillo-Avila
Miguel Alberto Aguilar-Franco
Rodolfo Chim-Aké
Héctor Rubio-Zapata
Mariela Reyes-Sosa
Isabel Medina-Vera
Martha Guevara-Cruz
Katy Sánchez-Pozos
Roberto Lugo
author_sort Azalia Avila-Nava
collection DOAJ
description Gastric cancer is one of the most frequent cancer types in the Latin American population, and its development is related to multiple factors, including diet. The present systematic review and meta-analysis, based on PRISMA, aims to determine dietary components associated with gastric cancer in Latin America. The dietary components were divided into food and micro- and macronutrients. Meta-analyses were performed for the different groups of foods, and the effects were calculated using Odds Ratios. A total of 483 studies were identified; thirteen articles were included after removing duplicates and applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The meta-analysis for the different groups of food showed that daily consumption of vegetables (OR 0.54; 95% CI [0.41, 071]) and fruits (OR 0.57; 95% CI [0.45, 0.73]) were protective factors for gastric cancer; consumption of fresh meat and eggs (OR 1.47; 95% CI [1.12, 1.95]), and salted, canned, and pickled foods (OR 2.30; 95% CI [1.10, 4.80]) were risk factors for gastric cancer. Consuming carotenoids, plant sterols, total polyphenols, proteins, and polyunsaturated fats was a protective factor regarding micro- and macronutrients. Therefore, the consumption of nitrite and nitrate in meat products and capsaicin was considered a risk factor for gastric cancer.
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spelling doaj-art-e59dd851435b497aadccbc77c235f52d2025-08-20T02:42:29ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582025-03-01146105210.3390/foods14061052Dietary Components Associated with the Risk of Gastric Cancer in the Latin American Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisAzalia Avila-Nava0Ana Ligia Gutiérrez-Solis1Oscar Daniel Pacheco-Can2Ian Yeshua Sagols-Tanoira3Roberto González-Marenco4Ana Gabriela Cabrera-Lizarraga5Jesús Abraham Castillo-Avila6Miguel Alberto Aguilar-Franco7Rodolfo Chim-Aké8Héctor Rubio-Zapata9Mariela Reyes-Sosa10Isabel Medina-Vera11Martha Guevara-Cruz12Katy Sánchez-Pozos13Roberto Lugo14Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Península de Yucatán, IMSS-Bienestar, Mérida 97130, MexicoUnidad de Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Península de Yucatán, IMSS-Bienestar, Mérida 97130, MexicoUnidad de Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Península de Yucatán, IMSS-Bienestar, Mérida 97130, MexicoEscuela de Medicina, Universidad Marista de Mérida, Mérida 97302, MexicoUnidad de Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Península de Yucatán, IMSS-Bienestar, Mérida 97130, MexicoEscuela de Medicina, Universidad Marista de Mérida, Mérida 97302, MexicoFacultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Campeche 24039, MexicoEscuela de Medicina, Universidad Marista de Mérida, Mérida 97302, MexicoUnidad de Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Península de Yucatán, IMSS-Bienestar, Mérida 97130, MexicoFacultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida 97000, MexicoSecretaría de Ciencia Humanidades, Tecnología e Innovación, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida 97000, MexicoDepartamento de Metodología de la Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México 04530, MexicoFisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México 14080, MexicoDivisión de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Ciudad de México 07760, MexicoUnidad de Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Península de Yucatán, IMSS-Bienestar, Mérida 97130, MexicoGastric cancer is one of the most frequent cancer types in the Latin American population, and its development is related to multiple factors, including diet. The present systematic review and meta-analysis, based on PRISMA, aims to determine dietary components associated with gastric cancer in Latin America. The dietary components were divided into food and micro- and macronutrients. Meta-analyses were performed for the different groups of foods, and the effects were calculated using Odds Ratios. A total of 483 studies were identified; thirteen articles were included after removing duplicates and applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The meta-analysis for the different groups of food showed that daily consumption of vegetables (OR 0.54; 95% CI [0.41, 071]) and fruits (OR 0.57; 95% CI [0.45, 0.73]) were protective factors for gastric cancer; consumption of fresh meat and eggs (OR 1.47; 95% CI [1.12, 1.95]), and salted, canned, and pickled foods (OR 2.30; 95% CI [1.10, 4.80]) were risk factors for gastric cancer. Consuming carotenoids, plant sterols, total polyphenols, proteins, and polyunsaturated fats was a protective factor regarding micro- and macronutrients. Therefore, the consumption of nitrite and nitrate in meat products and capsaicin was considered a risk factor for gastric cancer.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/6/1052gastric cancerdietary componentsfoodmacronutrientsmicronutrients
spellingShingle Azalia Avila-Nava
Ana Ligia Gutiérrez-Solis
Oscar Daniel Pacheco-Can
Ian Yeshua Sagols-Tanoira
Roberto González-Marenco
Ana Gabriela Cabrera-Lizarraga
Jesús Abraham Castillo-Avila
Miguel Alberto Aguilar-Franco
Rodolfo Chim-Aké
Héctor Rubio-Zapata
Mariela Reyes-Sosa
Isabel Medina-Vera
Martha Guevara-Cruz
Katy Sánchez-Pozos
Roberto Lugo
Dietary Components Associated with the Risk of Gastric Cancer in the Latin American Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Foods
gastric cancer
dietary components
food
macronutrients
micronutrients
title Dietary Components Associated with the Risk of Gastric Cancer in the Latin American Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_full Dietary Components Associated with the Risk of Gastric Cancer in the Latin American Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_fullStr Dietary Components Associated with the Risk of Gastric Cancer in the Latin American Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Dietary Components Associated with the Risk of Gastric Cancer in the Latin American Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_short Dietary Components Associated with the Risk of Gastric Cancer in the Latin American Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_sort dietary components associated with the risk of gastric cancer in the latin american population a systematic review and meta analysis
topic gastric cancer
dietary components
food
macronutrients
micronutrients
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/6/1052
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