Severe RSV Infection Occurring at the End of Nirsevimab’s Protection Window: A Case Report

We present the case of a five-month-old late preterm infant who developed severe bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus, requiring hospitalisation and high-flow nasal cannula support. This occurred 142 days after the infant received a single dose of nirsevimab as part of the regional im...

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Main Authors: Sebastiano Mazza, Benedetta Ciccone, Anna Maddalena D’Apolito, Caterina Petruccelli, Dalila Tedeschi, Francesca Ippedico, Marianna Lauriola, Stefano Aniello Ferrante, Claudia Baiardi, Anna Calò, Francesca Fortunato, Angelo Campanozzi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-01-01
Series:Case Reports in Pediatrics
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/crpe/3334926
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author Sebastiano Mazza
Benedetta Ciccone
Anna Maddalena D’Apolito
Caterina Petruccelli
Dalila Tedeschi
Francesca Ippedico
Marianna Lauriola
Stefano Aniello Ferrante
Claudia Baiardi
Anna Calò
Francesca Fortunato
Angelo Campanozzi
author_facet Sebastiano Mazza
Benedetta Ciccone
Anna Maddalena D’Apolito
Caterina Petruccelli
Dalila Tedeschi
Francesca Ippedico
Marianna Lauriola
Stefano Aniello Ferrante
Claudia Baiardi
Anna Calò
Francesca Fortunato
Angelo Campanozzi
author_sort Sebastiano Mazza
collection DOAJ
description We present the case of a five-month-old late preterm infant who developed severe bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus, requiring hospitalisation and high-flow nasal cannula support. This occurred 142 days after the infant received a single dose of nirsevimab as part of the regional immunisation campaign, administered on day three of life. The patient had no underlying conditions. PCR testing revealed RSV A and human rhinovirus co-infection. The infant improved with supportive care and was discharged in stable condition after 8 days. This case raises concerns about possible waning immunity near the end of the expected 150-day protection window of nirsevimab, particularly in infants immunised early in the RSV season. Additionally, co-infection with hRV may have contributed to disease severity. Although nirsevimab remains a highly effective preventive tool, this case highlights the potential for waning immunity near the end of the protection window and suggests that ongoing surveillance is essential to optimize immunization strategies, particularly in regions with prolonged RSV seasons.
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issn 2090-6811
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publishDate 2025-01-01
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series Case Reports in Pediatrics
spelling doaj-art-e59a8355a9b44b7bb35472a5f5e3f6cf2025-08-20T03:31:30ZengWileyCase Reports in Pediatrics2090-68112025-01-01202510.1155/crpe/3334926Severe RSV Infection Occurring at the End of Nirsevimab’s Protection Window: A Case ReportSebastiano Mazza0Benedetta Ciccone1Anna Maddalena D’Apolito2Caterina Petruccelli3Dalila Tedeschi4Francesca Ippedico5Marianna Lauriola6Stefano Aniello Ferrante7Claudia Baiardi8Anna Calò9Francesca Fortunato10Angelo Campanozzi11Dipartimento Donna e BambinoDipartimento Donna e BambinoDipartimento Donna e BambinoDipartimento Donna e BambinoDipartimento Donna e BambinoDipartimento Donna e BambinoDipartimento Donna e BambinoDipartimento Donna e BambinoDipartimento Donna e BambinoDipartimento Donna e BambinoDipartimento di Scienze Mediche e ChirurgicheDipartimento Donna e BambinoWe present the case of a five-month-old late preterm infant who developed severe bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus, requiring hospitalisation and high-flow nasal cannula support. This occurred 142 days after the infant received a single dose of nirsevimab as part of the regional immunisation campaign, administered on day three of life. The patient had no underlying conditions. PCR testing revealed RSV A and human rhinovirus co-infection. The infant improved with supportive care and was discharged in stable condition after 8 days. This case raises concerns about possible waning immunity near the end of the expected 150-day protection window of nirsevimab, particularly in infants immunised early in the RSV season. Additionally, co-infection with hRV may have contributed to disease severity. Although nirsevimab remains a highly effective preventive tool, this case highlights the potential for waning immunity near the end of the protection window and suggests that ongoing surveillance is essential to optimize immunization strategies, particularly in regions with prolonged RSV seasons.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/crpe/3334926
spellingShingle Sebastiano Mazza
Benedetta Ciccone
Anna Maddalena D’Apolito
Caterina Petruccelli
Dalila Tedeschi
Francesca Ippedico
Marianna Lauriola
Stefano Aniello Ferrante
Claudia Baiardi
Anna Calò
Francesca Fortunato
Angelo Campanozzi
Severe RSV Infection Occurring at the End of Nirsevimab’s Protection Window: A Case Report
Case Reports in Pediatrics
title Severe RSV Infection Occurring at the End of Nirsevimab’s Protection Window: A Case Report
title_full Severe RSV Infection Occurring at the End of Nirsevimab’s Protection Window: A Case Report
title_fullStr Severe RSV Infection Occurring at the End of Nirsevimab’s Protection Window: A Case Report
title_full_unstemmed Severe RSV Infection Occurring at the End of Nirsevimab’s Protection Window: A Case Report
title_short Severe RSV Infection Occurring at the End of Nirsevimab’s Protection Window: A Case Report
title_sort severe rsv infection occurring at the end of nirsevimab s protection window a case report
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/crpe/3334926
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