A Review on Flavonoids as Anti-<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Agents

<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> is a Gram-negative bacterium from the Epsilonproteobacteria class, associated with various gastric diseases, including gastric cancer. It infects both adults and children, with a high prevalence in developing countries due to poor health conditions. The Interna...

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Main Authors: Aditya Tan, Katia Castanho Scortecci, Fabio Boylan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/7/3936
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author Aditya Tan
Katia Castanho Scortecci
Fabio Boylan
author_facet Aditya Tan
Katia Castanho Scortecci
Fabio Boylan
author_sort Aditya Tan
collection DOAJ
description <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> is a Gram-negative bacterium from the Epsilonproteobacteria class, associated with various gastric diseases, including gastric cancer. It infects both adults and children, with a high prevalence in developing countries due to poor health conditions. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified <i>H. pylori</i> as a class I carcinogen, linked not only to gastric cancer but also to neurological disorders. Current treatment involves proton pump inhibitors combined with antibiotics for 10 to 14 days, but patient non-compliance can lead to increased antibiotic resistance. This review examines studies from the past decade that explore flavonoids as potential future treatments for <i>H. pylori</i>. Flavonoids like kaempferol, rutin, quercetin, myricetin, catechin, epicatechin, eupatilin, chrysin, apigenin, and hesperetin have been shown to regulate the expression of key <i>H. pylori</i> genes, alter cell membrane permeability, and affect proton efflux. These biomolecules, found in various plants, have demonstrated the potential to inhibit <i>H. pylori</i>, even in resistant strains. Gene expression and molecular docking studies reveal how these flavonoids interact with the membrane, bacterial genes, and proteins, affecting host cell transcription, translation, and bacterial adherence. While promising, clinical trials are needed to better understand their mechanisms and efficacy.
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spelling doaj-art-e59475aa13a74cfe8fd68929afa0cad42025-08-20T02:17:00ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-04-01157393610.3390/app15073936A Review on Flavonoids as Anti-<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> AgentsAditya Tan0Katia Castanho Scortecci1Fabio Boylan2School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, IrelandSchool of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, IrelandSchool of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> is a Gram-negative bacterium from the Epsilonproteobacteria class, associated with various gastric diseases, including gastric cancer. It infects both adults and children, with a high prevalence in developing countries due to poor health conditions. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified <i>H. pylori</i> as a class I carcinogen, linked not only to gastric cancer but also to neurological disorders. Current treatment involves proton pump inhibitors combined with antibiotics for 10 to 14 days, but patient non-compliance can lead to increased antibiotic resistance. This review examines studies from the past decade that explore flavonoids as potential future treatments for <i>H. pylori</i>. Flavonoids like kaempferol, rutin, quercetin, myricetin, catechin, epicatechin, eupatilin, chrysin, apigenin, and hesperetin have been shown to regulate the expression of key <i>H. pylori</i> genes, alter cell membrane permeability, and affect proton efflux. These biomolecules, found in various plants, have demonstrated the potential to inhibit <i>H. pylori</i>, even in resistant strains. Gene expression and molecular docking studies reveal how these flavonoids interact with the membrane, bacterial genes, and proteins, affecting host cell transcription, translation, and bacterial adherence. While promising, clinical trials are needed to better understand their mechanisms and efficacy.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/7/3936<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>medicinal plantsextractsflavonoidsantimicrobialsurease
spellingShingle Aditya Tan
Katia Castanho Scortecci
Fabio Boylan
A Review on Flavonoids as Anti-<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Agents
Applied Sciences
<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>
medicinal plants
extracts
flavonoids
antimicrobials
urease
title A Review on Flavonoids as Anti-<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Agents
title_full A Review on Flavonoids as Anti-<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Agents
title_fullStr A Review on Flavonoids as Anti-<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Agents
title_full_unstemmed A Review on Flavonoids as Anti-<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Agents
title_short A Review on Flavonoids as Anti-<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Agents
title_sort review on flavonoids as anti i helicobacter pylori i agents
topic <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>
medicinal plants
extracts
flavonoids
antimicrobials
urease
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/7/3936
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