<i>SOS3-3</i> Enhances the Salt Tolerance of Tomato Plants by Regulating ROS Balance

Salt stress affects the growth, metabolism, yield, and quality of crops. To adapt to high-salt environments, plants form various regulatory mechanisms. <i>Salt over sensitive</i> (<i>SOS</i>) is the key gene of SOS signal transduction pathway. As a member of the SOS3 subfamil...

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Main Authors: Niannian Zhou, Jiahui Huang, Fangling Jiang, Enmei Hu, Xiaoming Song, Rong Zhou, Zhen Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Agronomy
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/12/3044
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author Niannian Zhou
Jiahui Huang
Fangling Jiang
Enmei Hu
Xiaoming Song
Rong Zhou
Zhen Wu
author_facet Niannian Zhou
Jiahui Huang
Fangling Jiang
Enmei Hu
Xiaoming Song
Rong Zhou
Zhen Wu
author_sort Niannian Zhou
collection DOAJ
description Salt stress affects the growth, metabolism, yield, and quality of crops. To adapt to high-salt environments, plants form various regulatory mechanisms. <i>Salt over sensitive</i> (<i>SOS</i>) is the key gene of SOS signal transduction pathway. As a member of the SOS3 subfamily, the function of <i>SOS3-3</i> under salt stress has not been reported. To verify the function of <i>SOS3-3</i> and the morphological and physiological parameters, the expression of genes related to stress were compared between the <i>SOS3-3</i> overexpressed (OE<i>SOS3-3</i>) and silenced tomato (V<i>SOS3-3</i>) at control and 10 days’ NaCl treatment. The results showed that, compared with the control (Ve), the plants of V<i>SOS3-3</i> were shorter under salt stress, with curled leaves and abscission. The fresh and dry weights, <i>F<sub>v</sub></i>/<i>F<sub>m</sub></i>, total chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activities, and proline content of V<i>SOS3-3</i> significantly decreased, while the relative conductivity, hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) content of V<i>SOS3-3</i> plants significantly increased compared to that of WT, respectively. Compared to the wild-type (WT), OE<i>SOS3-3</i> plants were less damaged by salt stress, with significantly higher plant height, fresh and dry weights, <i>F<sub>v</sub></i>/<i>F<sub>m</sub></i>, total chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and proline content. However, the relative conductance, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, and MDA content were significantly lower in OE<i>SOS3-3</i> than WT. The expression levels of <i>SOS1</i>, <i>SOS2</i>, <i>LKT1</i> (ion transport-related gene), <i>APX1</i> (ROS signaling pathway-related gene), <i>P5CS</i> (osmoregulation-related gene), and <i>ABF4</i> (ABA signaling pathway-related gene) were significantly lower in V<i>SOS3-3</i> than Ve, but significantly higher in OE<i>SOS3-3</i> than in WT. These results suggested that <i>SOS3-3</i> regulate salt tolerance by influencing physiological and biochemical changes and the expression of genes related to stress response. This study revealed the mechanism of <i>SOS</i> family participating in regulating tomato salt tolerance, providing a theoretical basis for improving tomato salt tolerance.
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spelling doaj-art-e5905d94c6ae443f96adafd084a8441a2025-08-20T02:53:34ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952024-12-011412304410.3390/agronomy14123044<i>SOS3-3</i> Enhances the Salt Tolerance of Tomato Plants by Regulating ROS BalanceNiannian Zhou0Jiahui Huang1Fangling Jiang2Enmei Hu3Xiaoming Song4Rong Zhou5Zhen Wu6College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaDepartment of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences/Library, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaSalt stress affects the growth, metabolism, yield, and quality of crops. To adapt to high-salt environments, plants form various regulatory mechanisms. <i>Salt over sensitive</i> (<i>SOS</i>) is the key gene of SOS signal transduction pathway. As a member of the SOS3 subfamily, the function of <i>SOS3-3</i> under salt stress has not been reported. To verify the function of <i>SOS3-3</i> and the morphological and physiological parameters, the expression of genes related to stress were compared between the <i>SOS3-3</i> overexpressed (OE<i>SOS3-3</i>) and silenced tomato (V<i>SOS3-3</i>) at control and 10 days’ NaCl treatment. The results showed that, compared with the control (Ve), the plants of V<i>SOS3-3</i> were shorter under salt stress, with curled leaves and abscission. The fresh and dry weights, <i>F<sub>v</sub></i>/<i>F<sub>m</sub></i>, total chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activities, and proline content of V<i>SOS3-3</i> significantly decreased, while the relative conductivity, hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) content of V<i>SOS3-3</i> plants significantly increased compared to that of WT, respectively. Compared to the wild-type (WT), OE<i>SOS3-3</i> plants were less damaged by salt stress, with significantly higher plant height, fresh and dry weights, <i>F<sub>v</sub></i>/<i>F<sub>m</sub></i>, total chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and proline content. However, the relative conductance, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, and MDA content were significantly lower in OE<i>SOS3-3</i> than WT. The expression levels of <i>SOS1</i>, <i>SOS2</i>, <i>LKT1</i> (ion transport-related gene), <i>APX1</i> (ROS signaling pathway-related gene), <i>P5CS</i> (osmoregulation-related gene), and <i>ABF4</i> (ABA signaling pathway-related gene) were significantly lower in V<i>SOS3-3</i> than Ve, but significantly higher in OE<i>SOS3-3</i> than in WT. These results suggested that <i>SOS3-3</i> regulate salt tolerance by influencing physiological and biochemical changes and the expression of genes related to stress response. This study revealed the mechanism of <i>SOS</i> family participating in regulating tomato salt tolerance, providing a theoretical basis for improving tomato salt tolerance.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/12/3044tomato<i>SOS3-3</i>salt tolerancephysiological and biochemical regulationfunctional analysis
spellingShingle Niannian Zhou
Jiahui Huang
Fangling Jiang
Enmei Hu
Xiaoming Song
Rong Zhou
Zhen Wu
<i>SOS3-3</i> Enhances the Salt Tolerance of Tomato Plants by Regulating ROS Balance
Agronomy
tomato
<i>SOS3-3</i>
salt tolerance
physiological and biochemical regulation
functional analysis
title <i>SOS3-3</i> Enhances the Salt Tolerance of Tomato Plants by Regulating ROS Balance
title_full <i>SOS3-3</i> Enhances the Salt Tolerance of Tomato Plants by Regulating ROS Balance
title_fullStr <i>SOS3-3</i> Enhances the Salt Tolerance of Tomato Plants by Regulating ROS Balance
title_full_unstemmed <i>SOS3-3</i> Enhances the Salt Tolerance of Tomato Plants by Regulating ROS Balance
title_short <i>SOS3-3</i> Enhances the Salt Tolerance of Tomato Plants by Regulating ROS Balance
title_sort i sos3 3 i enhances the salt tolerance of tomato plants by regulating ros balance
topic tomato
<i>SOS3-3</i>
salt tolerance
physiological and biochemical regulation
functional analysis
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/12/3044
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