Predicting Suitable Habitat for <i>Glipa</i> (Coleoptera: Mordellidae: Mordellinae) Under Current and Future Climates Using MaxEnt Modeling

Beetles of the family Mordellidae, important global pollinators, include <i>Glipa</i>, the third largest genus, which retains plesiomorphic traits related to pollination and is mainly found between 38° S–38° N. Existing studies on <i>Glipa</i> focus largely on taxonomy and sy...

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Main Authors: Xie Su, Xianheng Ouyang, Xiaoqun Ding, Yang Wang, Wangang Liu, Yang Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Insects
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/6/642
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author Xie Su
Xianheng Ouyang
Xiaoqun Ding
Yang Wang
Wangang Liu
Yang Liu
author_facet Xie Su
Xianheng Ouyang
Xiaoqun Ding
Yang Wang
Wangang Liu
Yang Liu
author_sort Xie Su
collection DOAJ
description Beetles of the family Mordellidae, important global pollinators, include <i>Glipa</i>, the third largest genus, which retains plesiomorphic traits related to pollination and is mainly found between 38° S–38° N. Existing studies on <i>Glipa</i> focus largely on taxonomy and systematics. The ecological response of <i>Glipa</i> to climate change remains poorly understood. Our objective was to investigate how the distribution of <i>Glipa</i> may respond to climate change using a species-level MaxEnt based model with 297 geographic distribution data points and seven bioclimatic environmental variables. The study showed that the MaxEnt model had a high predictive accuracy, with an Area Under the Curve (AUC) value of 0.963. The maximum temperature of the warmest month, mean annual precipitation, and mean precipitation of the driest quarter were the three most important factors affecting the distribution of <i>Glipa</i>. Currently, the suitable distribution areas of <i>Glipa</i> are mainly located in East Asia, Southeast Asia, eastern North America, South America, and central and western Africa. Under future climate scenarios, the area of suitable habitat is expected to increase gradually as global temperatures rise. Under the SSP585 scenario in the 2070s, the suitable habitat area is projected to expand by 53.89% compared to the present. Additionally, the centroid of suitable habitat is expected to shift northward. This study not only deepens the understanding of the distribution patterns of <i>Glipa</i> and their response to climate change but also provides important scientific evidence for the conservation of pollinator diversity.
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spelling doaj-art-e58df20d41d24a07a285065dad2878fc2025-08-20T03:24:39ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502025-06-0116664210.3390/insects16060642Predicting Suitable Habitat for <i>Glipa</i> (Coleoptera: Mordellidae: Mordellinae) Under Current and Future Climates Using MaxEnt ModelingXie Su0Xianheng Ouyang1Xiaoqun Ding2Yang Wang3Wangang Liu4Yang Liu5Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi’an 710069, ChinaCollege of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaKey Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi’an 710069, ChinaShangluo Research Center of Chinese Medicinal Materials Integrated Pest Management, Shangluo University, Shangluo 726099, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, ChinaKey Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi’an 710069, ChinaBeetles of the family Mordellidae, important global pollinators, include <i>Glipa</i>, the third largest genus, which retains plesiomorphic traits related to pollination and is mainly found between 38° S–38° N. Existing studies on <i>Glipa</i> focus largely on taxonomy and systematics. The ecological response of <i>Glipa</i> to climate change remains poorly understood. Our objective was to investigate how the distribution of <i>Glipa</i> may respond to climate change using a species-level MaxEnt based model with 297 geographic distribution data points and seven bioclimatic environmental variables. The study showed that the MaxEnt model had a high predictive accuracy, with an Area Under the Curve (AUC) value of 0.963. The maximum temperature of the warmest month, mean annual precipitation, and mean precipitation of the driest quarter were the three most important factors affecting the distribution of <i>Glipa</i>. Currently, the suitable distribution areas of <i>Glipa</i> are mainly located in East Asia, Southeast Asia, eastern North America, South America, and central and western Africa. Under future climate scenarios, the area of suitable habitat is expected to increase gradually as global temperatures rise. Under the SSP585 scenario in the 2070s, the suitable habitat area is projected to expand by 53.89% compared to the present. Additionally, the centroid of suitable habitat is expected to shift northward. This study not only deepens the understanding of the distribution patterns of <i>Glipa</i> and their response to climate change but also provides important scientific evidence for the conservation of pollinator diversity.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/6/642MaxEntclimate changehabitat suitabilitybiodiversity conversation
spellingShingle Xie Su
Xianheng Ouyang
Xiaoqun Ding
Yang Wang
Wangang Liu
Yang Liu
Predicting Suitable Habitat for <i>Glipa</i> (Coleoptera: Mordellidae: Mordellinae) Under Current and Future Climates Using MaxEnt Modeling
Insects
MaxEnt
climate change
habitat suitability
biodiversity conversation
title Predicting Suitable Habitat for <i>Glipa</i> (Coleoptera: Mordellidae: Mordellinae) Under Current and Future Climates Using MaxEnt Modeling
title_full Predicting Suitable Habitat for <i>Glipa</i> (Coleoptera: Mordellidae: Mordellinae) Under Current and Future Climates Using MaxEnt Modeling
title_fullStr Predicting Suitable Habitat for <i>Glipa</i> (Coleoptera: Mordellidae: Mordellinae) Under Current and Future Climates Using MaxEnt Modeling
title_full_unstemmed Predicting Suitable Habitat for <i>Glipa</i> (Coleoptera: Mordellidae: Mordellinae) Under Current and Future Climates Using MaxEnt Modeling
title_short Predicting Suitable Habitat for <i>Glipa</i> (Coleoptera: Mordellidae: Mordellinae) Under Current and Future Climates Using MaxEnt Modeling
title_sort predicting suitable habitat for i glipa i coleoptera mordellidae mordellinae under current and future climates using maxent modeling
topic MaxEnt
climate change
habitat suitability
biodiversity conversation
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/6/642
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