Land-Use Changes Largely Determine the Trajectory of Plant Species Distributions Under Climatic Uncertainty in a Mediterranean Landscape

We investigated the combined effects of climate and land-use change on plant diversity in northwestern Greece, a region representative of broader European trends in land abandonment. We based our study on comprehensive field data on plants’ distribution and modelling of land-use changes based on soc...

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Main Authors: Spyros Tsiftsis, Anna Mastrogianni, Diogenis A. Kiziridis, Fotios Xystrakis, Magdalini Pleniou, Ioannis Tsiripidis
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Land
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/7/1438
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author Spyros Tsiftsis
Anna Mastrogianni
Diogenis A. Kiziridis
Fotios Xystrakis
Magdalini Pleniou
Ioannis Tsiripidis
author_facet Spyros Tsiftsis
Anna Mastrogianni
Diogenis A. Kiziridis
Fotios Xystrakis
Magdalini Pleniou
Ioannis Tsiripidis
author_sort Spyros Tsiftsis
collection DOAJ
description We investigated the combined effects of climate and land-use change on plant diversity in northwestern Greece, a region representative of broader European trends in land abandonment. We based our study on comprehensive field data on plants’ distribution and modelling of land-use changes based on socio-economic trends. We build distribution models for 358 taxa based on current (2015) and future (2055) conditions according to the combinations of three climate and three land-use change scenarios. We compared species distribution changes between current and future conditions for each scenario, and we investigated species trends concerning their ecological indicator values and strategies. Additionally, by analyzing the distribution changes in aggregated differential taxa representing the various plant communities in the study area, we identified patterns of distribution shifts at the community level. Our results indicated more pronounced differences between land-use scenarios than between climate ones, which was attributed to the local scale of the study area, its climatic and physiographic characteristics, and its complex land-use legacy. Both climate and land-use changes drastically reduced the distribution of some species, with species distribution loss exceeding 80% under certain combinations of socioeconomic and climate change scenarios. Species ecological indicator values and strategies showed a buffering effect of forest microclimate against climate change, which, however, may favor only species of forest communities. At the community level, land-use change had again a stronger impact than climate change, with consistent patterns within major vegetation types (forests and open habitats) but contrasting trends between them. Our results highlight the need for appropriate conservation plans to counteract the negative impacts of land abandonment and to take advantage of its positive impacts.
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spelling doaj-art-e582a299dcce46fda6e47ffe3ec4f2e02025-08-20T03:58:26ZengMDPI AGLand2073-445X2025-07-01147143810.3390/land14071438Land-Use Changes Largely Determine the Trajectory of Plant Species Distributions Under Climatic Uncertainty in a Mediterranean LandscapeSpyros Tsiftsis0Anna Mastrogianni1Diogenis A. Kiziridis2Fotios Xystrakis3Magdalini Pleniou4Ioannis Tsiripidis5School of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 66132 Drama, GreeceSchool of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, GreeceSchool of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, GreeceForest Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization “Dimitra”, 57006 Vasilika, GreeceForest Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization “Dimitra”, 57006 Vasilika, GreeceSchool of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, GreeceWe investigated the combined effects of climate and land-use change on plant diversity in northwestern Greece, a region representative of broader European trends in land abandonment. We based our study on comprehensive field data on plants’ distribution and modelling of land-use changes based on socio-economic trends. We build distribution models for 358 taxa based on current (2015) and future (2055) conditions according to the combinations of three climate and three land-use change scenarios. We compared species distribution changes between current and future conditions for each scenario, and we investigated species trends concerning their ecological indicator values and strategies. Additionally, by analyzing the distribution changes in aggregated differential taxa representing the various plant communities in the study area, we identified patterns of distribution shifts at the community level. Our results indicated more pronounced differences between land-use scenarios than between climate ones, which was attributed to the local scale of the study area, its climatic and physiographic characteristics, and its complex land-use legacy. Both climate and land-use changes drastically reduced the distribution of some species, with species distribution loss exceeding 80% under certain combinations of socioeconomic and climate change scenarios. Species ecological indicator values and strategies showed a buffering effect of forest microclimate against climate change, which, however, may favor only species of forest communities. At the community level, land-use change had again a stronger impact than climate change, with consistent patterns within major vegetation types (forests and open habitats) but contrasting trends between them. Our results highlight the need for appropriate conservation plans to counteract the negative impacts of land abandonment and to take advantage of its positive impacts.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/7/1438biodiversityclimate changeecological indicator valuesland-use changeecological strategiessocioeconomic scenarios
spellingShingle Spyros Tsiftsis
Anna Mastrogianni
Diogenis A. Kiziridis
Fotios Xystrakis
Magdalini Pleniou
Ioannis Tsiripidis
Land-Use Changes Largely Determine the Trajectory of Plant Species Distributions Under Climatic Uncertainty in a Mediterranean Landscape
Land
biodiversity
climate change
ecological indicator values
land-use change
ecological strategies
socioeconomic scenarios
title Land-Use Changes Largely Determine the Trajectory of Plant Species Distributions Under Climatic Uncertainty in a Mediterranean Landscape
title_full Land-Use Changes Largely Determine the Trajectory of Plant Species Distributions Under Climatic Uncertainty in a Mediterranean Landscape
title_fullStr Land-Use Changes Largely Determine the Trajectory of Plant Species Distributions Under Climatic Uncertainty in a Mediterranean Landscape
title_full_unstemmed Land-Use Changes Largely Determine the Trajectory of Plant Species Distributions Under Climatic Uncertainty in a Mediterranean Landscape
title_short Land-Use Changes Largely Determine the Trajectory of Plant Species Distributions Under Climatic Uncertainty in a Mediterranean Landscape
title_sort land use changes largely determine the trajectory of plant species distributions under climatic uncertainty in a mediterranean landscape
topic biodiversity
climate change
ecological indicator values
land-use change
ecological strategies
socioeconomic scenarios
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/7/1438
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