Structural transformation of MnTiO3 with manganese dioxide and titanium dioxide influenced by solid-state calcination kinetics
In the present study, MnTiO3 was prepared using the conventional solid-state reaction method and then calcined at 1200℃ for various times: 6 h, 12 h, 18 h, and 24 h. The XRD results confirm that the formation of MnTiO3, calcined at 1200℃ for 24 h, exhibits successful crystallization and stabilizatio...
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2025-10-01
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| author | Ritushree Shaily Abhishek Prasad Kuldeep Kumar Dilip Kumar Meena |
| author_facet | Ritushree Shaily Abhishek Prasad Kuldeep Kumar Dilip Kumar Meena |
| author_sort | Ritushree Shaily |
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| description | In the present study, MnTiO3 was prepared using the conventional solid-state reaction method and then calcined at 1200℃ for various times: 6 h, 12 h, 18 h, and 24 h. The XRD results confirm that the formation of MnTiO3, calcined at 1200℃ for 24 h, exhibits successful crystallization and stabilization in a hexagonal structure with space group R-3h. The average crystallite size, calculated using the Scherrer equation, is 47.16 nm, and through the modified Scherrer equation is 54.82 nm. However, the evaluated crystallite size was obtained by the Uniform Deformation Method (UDM), and the Uniform Stress Deformation Model (USDM) was 71.1 nm, respectively. The crystallite size value is 72.21 nm, as calculated by the Uniform Deformation Energy Density Model (UDEDM). Furthermore, the Size-Strain Plot method yields a crystallite size of 40.54 nm. The strain value, 7.15×10−3 and 4.132×10−3 has been obtained through the Uniform Deformation Model, and the Size-Strain Plot, respectively. The stress and energy density, i.e., 0.128 GPa and 2.94 MJm−3, respectively, were obtained by the Uniform Deformation Energy Density Model. The surface morphology of the 24-hour calcinated MnTiO3 sample shows that the average particle size is 7.05μm, as obtained by Scanning Electron Microscope. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e57ce8ea98744d8c94f6e35a0708a1b7 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2949-8228 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-10-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| spelling | doaj-art-e57ce8ea98744d8c94f6e35a0708a1b72025-08-20T03:58:36ZengElsevierNext Materials2949-82282025-10-01910100810.1016/j.nxmate.2025.101008Structural transformation of MnTiO3 with manganese dioxide and titanium dioxide influenced by solid-state calcination kineticsRitushree Shaily0Abhishek Prasad1Kuldeep Kumar2Dilip Kumar Meena3Department of Physics, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Badshahi Thaul Campus, Tehri Garhwal 249199, IndiaDepartment of Physics, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Badshahi Thaul Campus, Tehri Garhwal 249199, IndiaDepartment of Physics, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, 110007, IndiaDepartment of Physics, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Badshahi Thaul Campus, Tehri Garhwal 249199, India; Corresponding author.In the present study, MnTiO3 was prepared using the conventional solid-state reaction method and then calcined at 1200℃ for various times: 6 h, 12 h, 18 h, and 24 h. The XRD results confirm that the formation of MnTiO3, calcined at 1200℃ for 24 h, exhibits successful crystallization and stabilization in a hexagonal structure with space group R-3h. The average crystallite size, calculated using the Scherrer equation, is 47.16 nm, and through the modified Scherrer equation is 54.82 nm. However, the evaluated crystallite size was obtained by the Uniform Deformation Method (UDM), and the Uniform Stress Deformation Model (USDM) was 71.1 nm, respectively. The crystallite size value is 72.21 nm, as calculated by the Uniform Deformation Energy Density Model (UDEDM). Furthermore, the Size-Strain Plot method yields a crystallite size of 40.54 nm. The strain value, 7.15×10−3 and 4.132×10−3 has been obtained through the Uniform Deformation Model, and the Size-Strain Plot, respectively. The stress and energy density, i.e., 0.128 GPa and 2.94 MJm−3, respectively, were obtained by the Uniform Deformation Energy Density Model. The surface morphology of the 24-hour calcinated MnTiO3 sample shows that the average particle size is 7.05μm, as obtained by Scanning Electron Microscope.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S294982282500526XMultiferroelectricsSolid state methodX-ray diffractionW-H methodSSP method |
| spellingShingle | Ritushree Shaily Abhishek Prasad Kuldeep Kumar Dilip Kumar Meena Structural transformation of MnTiO3 with manganese dioxide and titanium dioxide influenced by solid-state calcination kinetics Next Materials Multiferroelectrics Solid state method X-ray diffraction W-H method SSP method |
| title | Structural transformation of MnTiO3 with manganese dioxide and titanium dioxide influenced by solid-state calcination kinetics |
| title_full | Structural transformation of MnTiO3 with manganese dioxide and titanium dioxide influenced by solid-state calcination kinetics |
| title_fullStr | Structural transformation of MnTiO3 with manganese dioxide and titanium dioxide influenced by solid-state calcination kinetics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Structural transformation of MnTiO3 with manganese dioxide and titanium dioxide influenced by solid-state calcination kinetics |
| title_short | Structural transformation of MnTiO3 with manganese dioxide and titanium dioxide influenced by solid-state calcination kinetics |
| title_sort | structural transformation of mntio3 with manganese dioxide and titanium dioxide influenced by solid state calcination kinetics |
| topic | Multiferroelectrics Solid state method X-ray diffraction W-H method SSP method |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S294982282500526X |
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