A novel routing protocol considering the boundary effects for ad hoc networks

To alleviate the broadcast storm problem in the route discovery process, this article proposes a novel routing protocol considering the boundary effects for ad hoc networks, named NRP. The novelty of NRP lies in the following: first, NRP defines a forwarding area criterion considering the effects of...

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Main Authors: Qingwen Wang, Haitao Yu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2020-01-01
Series:International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147720903635
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author Qingwen Wang
Haitao Yu
author_facet Qingwen Wang
Haitao Yu
author_sort Qingwen Wang
collection DOAJ
description To alleviate the broadcast storm problem in the route discovery process, this article proposes a novel routing protocol considering the boundary effects for ad hoc networks, named NRP. The novelty of NRP lies in the following: first, NRP defines a forwarding area criterion considering the effects of the node transmission area boundary to reduce the broken links due to the mobility of nodes; second, NRP adopts the idea of a piecewise function to estimate the node degree when the nodes are in the center, borderline, and corner areas, respectively, which considers the effects of both network boundaries and node communication boundaries without broadcasting Hello messages periodically; third, NRP applies the static game forwarding strategy to calculate the forwarding probability during the route discovery process. NRP reduces the redundant retransmissions and collision probability among neighboring nodes, thus improving the forwarding efficiency. The extensive simulation results by NS-2 simulator have shown that NRP performs better than AODV + FDG, AODV + Hello, ad hoc on-demand distance vector, ad hoc on-demand multipath distance vector, and energy-efficient ant-based routing in terms of packet delivery ratio, routing overhead, normalized medium access control load, throughput, and network lifetime.
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spelling doaj-art-e5794e6b355a4f8e9ce5cd802fd502c72025-08-20T03:25:02ZengWileyInternational Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks1550-14772020-01-011610.1177/1550147720903635A novel routing protocol considering the boundary effects for ad hoc networksQingwen Wang0Haitao Yu1Xi’an University of Architectural Science and Technology, Xi’an, ChinaGuilin University of Technology, Guilin, ChinaTo alleviate the broadcast storm problem in the route discovery process, this article proposes a novel routing protocol considering the boundary effects for ad hoc networks, named NRP. The novelty of NRP lies in the following: first, NRP defines a forwarding area criterion considering the effects of the node transmission area boundary to reduce the broken links due to the mobility of nodes; second, NRP adopts the idea of a piecewise function to estimate the node degree when the nodes are in the center, borderline, and corner areas, respectively, which considers the effects of both network boundaries and node communication boundaries without broadcasting Hello messages periodically; third, NRP applies the static game forwarding strategy to calculate the forwarding probability during the route discovery process. NRP reduces the redundant retransmissions and collision probability among neighboring nodes, thus improving the forwarding efficiency. The extensive simulation results by NS-2 simulator have shown that NRP performs better than AODV + FDG, AODV + Hello, ad hoc on-demand distance vector, ad hoc on-demand multipath distance vector, and energy-efficient ant-based routing in terms of packet delivery ratio, routing overhead, normalized medium access control load, throughput, and network lifetime.https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147720903635
spellingShingle Qingwen Wang
Haitao Yu
A novel routing protocol considering the boundary effects for ad hoc networks
International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks
title A novel routing protocol considering the boundary effects for ad hoc networks
title_full A novel routing protocol considering the boundary effects for ad hoc networks
title_fullStr A novel routing protocol considering the boundary effects for ad hoc networks
title_full_unstemmed A novel routing protocol considering the boundary effects for ad hoc networks
title_short A novel routing protocol considering the boundary effects for ad hoc networks
title_sort novel routing protocol considering the boundary effects for ad hoc networks
url https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147720903635
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