Amino Acid Composition of Dried Bovine Dairy Powders from a Range of Product Streams

The amino acid (AA) content of multiple samples of various dairy powders was determined, providing a comprehensive evaluation of the differences in AA profiles attributable to distinct manufacturing processes. Products examined included whole milk powder (WMP), skim milk powder (SMP), cheese whey pr...

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Main Authors: Simon R. Gilmour, Stephen E. Holroyd, Maher D. Fuad, Dave Elgar, Aaron C. Fanning
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Foods
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/23/3901
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author Simon R. Gilmour
Stephen E. Holroyd
Maher D. Fuad
Dave Elgar
Aaron C. Fanning
author_facet Simon R. Gilmour
Stephen E. Holroyd
Maher D. Fuad
Dave Elgar
Aaron C. Fanning
author_sort Simon R. Gilmour
collection DOAJ
description The amino acid (AA) content of multiple samples of various dairy powders was determined, providing a comprehensive evaluation of the differences in AA profiles attributable to distinct manufacturing processes. Products examined included whole milk powder (WMP), skim milk powder (SMP), cheese whey protein concentrate (WPC-C), lactic acid casein whey protein concentrate (WPC-L), high-fat whey protein concentrate (WPC-HF), hydrolyzed whey protein concentrate (WPH), whey protein isolate (WPI), and demineralized whey protein (D90). WMP and SMP exhibited broadly similar AA profiles, with minor differences likely due to the minimal milk fat protein content, which is nearly absent from SMP. Comparative analysis of WPC-C and WPC-L indicated higher levels of threonine, serine, glutamic acid, and proline in WPC-C but lower levels of tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan, attributed to the different methods of separation from casein proteins. WPI and WPC-HF originate from similar sweet whey streams but follow divergent processing methods; consequent on this were variations in the levels of all AAs except histidine. The nanofiltration step in D90 production retains its non-protein nitrogen content and affects its AA profile; consequently, D90 consistently exhibited lower AA levels than WPC-C. These findings underscore the significant impact of manufacturing processes on dairy powder AA composition.
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spelling doaj-art-e568ee2b5fe84aff9a04b8f2e717a64d2025-08-20T02:50:33ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582024-12-011323390110.3390/foods13233901Amino Acid Composition of Dried Bovine Dairy Powders from a Range of Product StreamsSimon R. Gilmour0Stephen E. Holroyd1Maher D. Fuad2Dave Elgar3Aaron C. Fanning4Fonterra Research and Development Centre, Dairy Farm Road, Palmerston North 4442, New ZealandFonterra Research and Development Centre, Dairy Farm Road, Palmerston North 4442, New ZealandFonterra Research and Development Centre, Dairy Farm Road, Palmerston North 4442, New ZealandFonterra Research and Development Centre, Dairy Farm Road, Palmerston North 4442, New ZealandFonterra Research and Development Centre, Dairy Farm Road, Palmerston North 4442, New ZealandThe amino acid (AA) content of multiple samples of various dairy powders was determined, providing a comprehensive evaluation of the differences in AA profiles attributable to distinct manufacturing processes. Products examined included whole milk powder (WMP), skim milk powder (SMP), cheese whey protein concentrate (WPC-C), lactic acid casein whey protein concentrate (WPC-L), high-fat whey protein concentrate (WPC-HF), hydrolyzed whey protein concentrate (WPH), whey protein isolate (WPI), and demineralized whey protein (D90). WMP and SMP exhibited broadly similar AA profiles, with minor differences likely due to the minimal milk fat protein content, which is nearly absent from SMP. Comparative analysis of WPC-C and WPC-L indicated higher levels of threonine, serine, glutamic acid, and proline in WPC-C but lower levels of tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan, attributed to the different methods of separation from casein proteins. WPI and WPC-HF originate from similar sweet whey streams but follow divergent processing methods; consequent on this were variations in the levels of all AAs except histidine. The nanofiltration step in D90 production retains its non-protein nitrogen content and affects its AA profile; consequently, D90 consistently exhibited lower AA levels than WPC-C. These findings underscore the significant impact of manufacturing processes on dairy powder AA composition.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/23/3901dairy proteinamino acidwhey protein concentratemilk powder variabilityprotein fractionationnutritional composition
spellingShingle Simon R. Gilmour
Stephen E. Holroyd
Maher D. Fuad
Dave Elgar
Aaron C. Fanning
Amino Acid Composition of Dried Bovine Dairy Powders from a Range of Product Streams
Foods
dairy protein
amino acid
whey protein concentrate
milk powder variability
protein fractionation
nutritional composition
title Amino Acid Composition of Dried Bovine Dairy Powders from a Range of Product Streams
title_full Amino Acid Composition of Dried Bovine Dairy Powders from a Range of Product Streams
title_fullStr Amino Acid Composition of Dried Bovine Dairy Powders from a Range of Product Streams
title_full_unstemmed Amino Acid Composition of Dried Bovine Dairy Powders from a Range of Product Streams
title_short Amino Acid Composition of Dried Bovine Dairy Powders from a Range of Product Streams
title_sort amino acid composition of dried bovine dairy powders from a range of product streams
topic dairy protein
amino acid
whey protein concentrate
milk powder variability
protein fractionation
nutritional composition
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/23/3901
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