A Novel Polysaccharide from Blackened Jujube: Structural Characterization and Immunoactivity
Previously, research adopted an ultrasound-assisted extraction method to isolate crude polysaccharide from blackened jujube, followed by preliminary structural identification of the purified polysaccharide (BJP). This manuscript analyzed the accurate structure and immunomodulatory activity of BJP. F...
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MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| author | Meng Meng Fang Ning Xiaoyang He Huihui Li Yinyin Feng Yanlong Qi Huiqing Sun |
| author_facet | Meng Meng Fang Ning Xiaoyang He Huihui Li Yinyin Feng Yanlong Qi Huiqing Sun |
| author_sort | Meng Meng |
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| description | Previously, research adopted an ultrasound-assisted extraction method to isolate crude polysaccharide from blackened jujube, followed by preliminary structural identification of the purified polysaccharide (BJP). This manuscript analyzed the accurate structure and immunomodulatory activity of BJP. Further structural identification indicated that BJP was mainly composed of →3)-α-L-Ara<i>f</i>-(1→, →3,5)-α-L-Ara<i>f</i>-(1→, →3)-β-D-Gal<i>p</i>A-(1→, →2,4)-β-D-Gal<i>p</i>-(1→, →4)-β-D-Gal<i>p</i>A-(1→, →3)-α-L-Rha<i>p</i>-(1→ and →3,4)-α-L-Rha<i>p</i>-(1→. The immunomodulatory effects of BJP were examined using a mouse model with immunosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide. The findings suggested that BJP could relieve the condition of immunosuppressed mice. BJP could inhibit decreases in the body weight and organ index of mice, and HE staining showed that BJP could alleviate the harm to spleen and thymus tissues. BJP enhanced the secretion of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), immunoglobulin A (IgA), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in serum. It also reduced liver oxidative stress by increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) activities, while lowering malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Moreover, BJP contributed to the maintenance of gut homeostasis by stimulating the generation of short-chain fatty acids in the cecal contents. The study aims to establish a solid basis for the comprehensive development of blackened jujube and furnish a theoretical framework for its polysaccharides’ role in immune modulation. |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj-art-e568b521c5e2451bb154e5e2fc21c7ff2025-08-20T03:58:30ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582025-07-011414253110.3390/foods14142531A Novel Polysaccharide from Blackened Jujube: Structural Characterization and ImmunoactivityMeng Meng0Fang Ning1Xiaoyang He2Huihui Li3Yinyin Feng4Yanlong Qi5Huiqing Sun6State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, ChinaInstitute of Agricultural Products Processing, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Processing and Preservation of Agricultural Products, No. 403 Nanchang Road, Urumqi 830091, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, ChinaPreviously, research adopted an ultrasound-assisted extraction method to isolate crude polysaccharide from blackened jujube, followed by preliminary structural identification of the purified polysaccharide (BJP). This manuscript analyzed the accurate structure and immunomodulatory activity of BJP. Further structural identification indicated that BJP was mainly composed of →3)-α-L-Ara<i>f</i>-(1→, →3,5)-α-L-Ara<i>f</i>-(1→, →3)-β-D-Gal<i>p</i>A-(1→, →2,4)-β-D-Gal<i>p</i>-(1→, →4)-β-D-Gal<i>p</i>A-(1→, →3)-α-L-Rha<i>p</i>-(1→ and →3,4)-α-L-Rha<i>p</i>-(1→. The immunomodulatory effects of BJP were examined using a mouse model with immunosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide. The findings suggested that BJP could relieve the condition of immunosuppressed mice. BJP could inhibit decreases in the body weight and organ index of mice, and HE staining showed that BJP could alleviate the harm to spleen and thymus tissues. BJP enhanced the secretion of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), immunoglobulin A (IgA), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in serum. It also reduced liver oxidative stress by increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) activities, while lowering malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Moreover, BJP contributed to the maintenance of gut homeostasis by stimulating the generation of short-chain fatty acids in the cecal contents. The study aims to establish a solid basis for the comprehensive development of blackened jujube and furnish a theoretical framework for its polysaccharides’ role in immune modulation.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/14/2531blackened jujubepolysaccharidestructural characterizationimmunoregulatory activity |
| spellingShingle | Meng Meng Fang Ning Xiaoyang He Huihui Li Yinyin Feng Yanlong Qi Huiqing Sun A Novel Polysaccharide from Blackened Jujube: Structural Characterization and Immunoactivity Foods blackened jujube polysaccharide structural characterization immunoregulatory activity |
| title | A Novel Polysaccharide from Blackened Jujube: Structural Characterization and Immunoactivity |
| title_full | A Novel Polysaccharide from Blackened Jujube: Structural Characterization and Immunoactivity |
| title_fullStr | A Novel Polysaccharide from Blackened Jujube: Structural Characterization and Immunoactivity |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Novel Polysaccharide from Blackened Jujube: Structural Characterization and Immunoactivity |
| title_short | A Novel Polysaccharide from Blackened Jujube: Structural Characterization and Immunoactivity |
| title_sort | novel polysaccharide from blackened jujube structural characterization and immunoactivity |
| topic | blackened jujube polysaccharide structural characterization immunoregulatory activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/14/2531 |
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