The FcRn from gene to protein and function: comparison between species
Immunoglobulin Fc receptors are crucial molecules in immunological processes that help maintain homeostasis following internal or external stimuli. Most of the specific gamma recognition molecules (FcγRI, II, and III) are known for their roles in phagocytosis and cellular cytotoxicity against variou...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1608426/full |
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| author | Luz Belinda Ortiz-Alegría Lizbeth Xicoténcatl-García Irma Cañedo-Solares Claudia Patricia Rico-Torres Fernando Gómez-Chávez |
| author_facet | Luz Belinda Ortiz-Alegría Lizbeth Xicoténcatl-García Irma Cañedo-Solares Claudia Patricia Rico-Torres Fernando Gómez-Chávez |
| author_sort | Luz Belinda Ortiz-Alegría |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Immunoglobulin Fc receptors are crucial molecules in immunological processes that help maintain homeostasis following internal or external stimuli. Most of the specific gamma recognition molecules (FcγRI, II, and III) are known for their roles in phagocytosis and cellular cytotoxicity against various pathogens and transformed cells and in regulating the humoral immune response. Within this family of IgG Fc receptors, there is a structurally similar receptor with different functions: the so-called neonatal receptor for the Fc fraction of IgG, or FcRn, which is primarily associated with IgG and albumin homeostasis, the transfer of immunity from mother to offspring, and the regulation of the immune response in mammals. Therefore, this molecule could be considered “the regulator and transporter of the main blood proteins” from the blood vessels and the lumen of the mucosa to the tissues of the newborn and neonate, through the epithelium and endothelium. It may act as a trans-tissue and interindividual “protector,” as it mediates the transfer of IgG antibodies to the sites where they are needed. Additionally, it regulates plasma albumin and IgG concentrations, contributing to the balance of body fluids. Although there is abundant literature on this receptor, some phenomena remain unexplored or poorly understood. In particular, the variations in its functions across different cell types and between species, how they influence IgG and albumin levels in various body fluids, and the pathways involved in immunity transmission need further investigation. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of original research articles and analyses focused on the gene, mRNA, and protein composition of the FcRn, with the aim to compare the genetic, structural, and functional characteristics in different mammalian species, focusing on its role in immunity and homeostasis, as well as the ontogeny and phylogeny of the FcRn. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e56127ef96ef44e5932a4761103ee308 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj-art-e56127ef96ef44e5932a4761103ee3082025-08-20T03:58:18ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-08-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.16084261608426The FcRn from gene to protein and function: comparison between speciesLuz Belinda Ortiz-Alegría0Lizbeth Xicoténcatl-García1Irma Cañedo-Solares2Claudia Patricia Rico-Torres3Fernando Gómez-Chávez4Laboratorio de Inmunología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, MexicoLaboratorio de Inmunología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, MexicoLaboratorio de Inmunología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, MexicoLaboratorio de Inmunología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, MexicoLaboratorio de Enfermedades Osteoarticulares e Inmunológicas, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, MexicoImmunoglobulin Fc receptors are crucial molecules in immunological processes that help maintain homeostasis following internal or external stimuli. Most of the specific gamma recognition molecules (FcγRI, II, and III) are known for their roles in phagocytosis and cellular cytotoxicity against various pathogens and transformed cells and in regulating the humoral immune response. Within this family of IgG Fc receptors, there is a structurally similar receptor with different functions: the so-called neonatal receptor for the Fc fraction of IgG, or FcRn, which is primarily associated with IgG and albumin homeostasis, the transfer of immunity from mother to offspring, and the regulation of the immune response in mammals. Therefore, this molecule could be considered “the regulator and transporter of the main blood proteins” from the blood vessels and the lumen of the mucosa to the tissues of the newborn and neonate, through the epithelium and endothelium. It may act as a trans-tissue and interindividual “protector,” as it mediates the transfer of IgG antibodies to the sites where they are needed. Additionally, it regulates plasma albumin and IgG concentrations, contributing to the balance of body fluids. Although there is abundant literature on this receptor, some phenomena remain unexplored or poorly understood. In particular, the variations in its functions across different cell types and between species, how they influence IgG and albumin levels in various body fluids, and the pathways involved in immunity transmission need further investigation. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of original research articles and analyses focused on the gene, mRNA, and protein composition of the FcRn, with the aim to compare the genetic, structural, and functional characteristics in different mammalian species, focusing on its role in immunity and homeostasis, as well as the ontogeny and phylogeny of the FcRn.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1608426/fullFcRnspeciesIgGalbuminphylogenyontogeny |
| spellingShingle | Luz Belinda Ortiz-Alegría Lizbeth Xicoténcatl-García Irma Cañedo-Solares Claudia Patricia Rico-Torres Fernando Gómez-Chávez The FcRn from gene to protein and function: comparison between species Frontiers in Immunology FcRn species IgG albumin phylogeny ontogeny |
| title | The FcRn from gene to protein and function: comparison between species |
| title_full | The FcRn from gene to protein and function: comparison between species |
| title_fullStr | The FcRn from gene to protein and function: comparison between species |
| title_full_unstemmed | The FcRn from gene to protein and function: comparison between species |
| title_short | The FcRn from gene to protein and function: comparison between species |
| title_sort | fcrn from gene to protein and function comparison between species |
| topic | FcRn species IgG albumin phylogeny ontogeny |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1608426/full |
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