Tribo-synergism in titanium complex grease using micro and nano particles.
Micro-nano additive-enhanced lubricating greases are pivotal for extreme-condition tribology, yet optimizing synergistic additive concentrations remains constrained by conventional experimental designs. This study employs a central composite design (CCD) coupled with MATLAB response surface methodol...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2025-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0323444 |
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| author | Ming Niu Yunbo Gao Xinyu Wang Zhenghu Liu |
| author_facet | Ming Niu Yunbo Gao Xinyu Wang Zhenghu Liu |
| author_sort | Ming Niu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Micro-nano additive-enhanced lubricating greases are pivotal for extreme-condition tribology, yet optimizing synergistic additive concentrations remains constrained by conventional experimental designs. This study employs a central composite design (CCD) coupled with MATLAB response surface methodology to precisely determine optimal concentrations of nano-graphite (N-G), graphene (GN), and potassium borate (PB) in titanium complex grease. Fifteen formulations were tested under progressive loads (98-598 N) via four-ball tribometry, with SEM/XPS characterizing wear mechanisms. The synergistic grease (G-MX: 0.83 wt% N-G, 0.05 wt% GN, 2.59 wt% PB) reduced the average friction coefficient by 45.3% and wear scar diameter by 23.3% versus base grease, surpassing single-additive variants. The CCD-MATLAB framework addressed sampling limitations of prior orthogonal methods, enabling optimization beyond discrete testing points. Mechanistic analysis revealed a dual lubrication regime: physically adsorbed films (soap molecules and refined PB particles) dominated at low loads, while chemically bonded tribofilms (Fe₃C, B₂O₃, TiO₂) ensured wear resistance under extreme pressures. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e56013dfceb34deca12fc94daa214ecc |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj-art-e56013dfceb34deca12fc94daa214ecc2025-08-20T02:33:19ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032025-01-01205e032344410.1371/journal.pone.0323444Tribo-synergism in titanium complex grease using micro and nano particles.Ming NiuYunbo GaoXinyu WangZhenghu LiuMicro-nano additive-enhanced lubricating greases are pivotal for extreme-condition tribology, yet optimizing synergistic additive concentrations remains constrained by conventional experimental designs. This study employs a central composite design (CCD) coupled with MATLAB response surface methodology to precisely determine optimal concentrations of nano-graphite (N-G), graphene (GN), and potassium borate (PB) in titanium complex grease. Fifteen formulations were tested under progressive loads (98-598 N) via four-ball tribometry, with SEM/XPS characterizing wear mechanisms. The synergistic grease (G-MX: 0.83 wt% N-G, 0.05 wt% GN, 2.59 wt% PB) reduced the average friction coefficient by 45.3% and wear scar diameter by 23.3% versus base grease, surpassing single-additive variants. The CCD-MATLAB framework addressed sampling limitations of prior orthogonal methods, enabling optimization beyond discrete testing points. Mechanistic analysis revealed a dual lubrication regime: physically adsorbed films (soap molecules and refined PB particles) dominated at low loads, while chemically bonded tribofilms (Fe₃C, B₂O₃, TiO₂) ensured wear resistance under extreme pressures.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0323444 |
| spellingShingle | Ming Niu Yunbo Gao Xinyu Wang Zhenghu Liu Tribo-synergism in titanium complex grease using micro and nano particles. PLoS ONE |
| title | Tribo-synergism in titanium complex grease using micro and nano particles. |
| title_full | Tribo-synergism in titanium complex grease using micro and nano particles. |
| title_fullStr | Tribo-synergism in titanium complex grease using micro and nano particles. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tribo-synergism in titanium complex grease using micro and nano particles. |
| title_short | Tribo-synergism in titanium complex grease using micro and nano particles. |
| title_sort | tribo synergism in titanium complex grease using micro and nano particles |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0323444 |
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